IDM Study Notes

IDM Study online at https://quizlet.com/_daboru As they can be described as both parWhy aren't electrons discrete particles? ticles and waves and it is impossible to locate an electrons exact location. Can sigma bonds rotate? YES - because they electron density is on the internuclear axis Can pi bonds rotate? no, as any rotation would reduce the overlap of the p orbitals structural isomers Same molecular formula but different structural formula Cis same side Trans opposite side (transverse) Steroisomerism Compounds with the same structural formula but with a different arrangement of the atoms in space. Optical Isomerism Isomerism in which the isomers cause plane polarized light to rotate in different directions. Enantionmers non-superimposable mirror images As racemic mixtures contain equal amounts of both enantiomers, the effect Why are racemic mixtures optically inac- of one enantiomer rotating light in one tive? direction is cancelled out by the other enantiomer, rotating the light in the opposite direction by the same amount a substance that can act as either an acid or a base amphoteric In what conditions is there an exchange When there's a acid or a base that can of protons? accept the proton(s) Are all Arrhenius bases Bronsted-Lowry bases? Yes, as they all produce the bronzed Lowry OH Arrhenius acid definition A substance that contains hydrogen and dissociates in water to yield H30+ hydronium ions 1/3 IDM Study online at https://quizlet.com/_daboru Arrhenius base definition A substance that dissociates in water and yields a hydroxyl ion OH- Acid characteristics Sour react with metals contain hydrogen poisonous/corrosive to skin Base characteristics Bitter slippery hydroxide ions poisonous and corrosive to skin How do you p something negative log base 10 it The smaller the pka the stronger the acid solution one phase system which consists of solute molecules dissolved within a solvent vehicle solute substance which is dissolved in solution solvent a substance what dissolves a solute increases it as the kinetic energy within the system rises thus increasing solubilHow does temperature affect solubility ity as solute disperses quicker how ever for gases and solids temperature doesn't affect solubility How is solubility measured? shake flask method absorption the movement across mnemebranes distribution description of the compartments of the body entered by the drug metabolism chemical alteration of the drug elimination transfer of the drug from inside the body to outside enteral, parenteral, topical Injections intramuscular 2/3 IDM Study online at https://quizlet.com/_daboru Routes of Administration subcutaneous intradermal intraperitoneal intrathecal intra arterial Enterally directly into the GI tract first pass metabolism the substance degradation of an orally administered drug caused by enzyme metabolism in the liver before the drug reaches the systemic circulation Lipid solubility area available for absorption What affects the drugs transmission bepossible specific carriers tween membranes? amount compromised by first pass metabolism oral first pass metabolism can occur here due to the metabolic enzymes found in saliva however due to the tongue being highly vascularised some drugs can be administered to the blood vessels here, transdermal patches intravenous injection Drug deposited directly into blood plasma demands sterile conditions half Life Time taken for the plasma drug concentration to fall to half of its original value therapeutic window Range of drug doses that can treat disease effectively while staying within the safety range. 3/3