University:
University of Wolverhampton
Course:
4PY019 | Pharmacy
Academic year:

2024
Views:

165

Pages:

2
Author:

Sara

Pharmaceutical Solutions Liquid dosage forms including syrups, elixirs, and mixtures. Tinctures Alcoholic solutions of plant or animal extracts for medicinal use. Liniments Topical liquid preparations for rubbing on the skin. Collodions Clear liquid preparations that form a flexible film when applied to the skin. Excipients Inactive substances added to a pharmaceutical formulation for various purposes. Buffers Substances that control the pH of a pharmaceutical preparation. Viscosity Enhancement Using hydrophilic polymers to increase the thickness of a liquid. Preservatives Substances that prevent microbial growth in pharmaceutical products. Flavour Enhancers Ingredients added to improve the taste of a pharmaceutical preparation. Solvent Vehicles Substances used to dissolve active pharmaceutical ingredients. pKa Acid dissociation constant used to determine buffer effectiveness. Excipients: Sweetening Agents Substances like sucrose and sorbitol used to improve taste. Excipients: Antioxidants Compounds like ascorbic acid that prevent API degradation. Excipients: Colourants Additives used to match flavors, e.g., red for strawberry. Isotonicity Modifiers Substances that adjust osmotic pressure to match body fluids. Excipients: An Example Detailed composition of Fluoxetine 20 mg/5mL Solution. 1/2 Antihistamine Syrup A liquid formulation containing chlorpheniramine maleate and excipients. Solutions: Advantages Benefits of solutions include fast absorption and homogeneous distribution. Solutions: Disadvantages Drawbacks of solutions include bulkiness and stability issues. Skin Preparations Liquid formulations like liniments and collodions for topical use. Ear Irrigations Sterile liquid solutions for cleansing the ear canal. Nasal Solutions Liquid formulations for nasal use, formulated at pH 6.8 and isotonic. Parenteral Solutions Sterile and isotonic liquid formulations for injection. 2/2