University:
University of Wolverhampton
Course:
4PY019 | Pharmacy
Academic year:

2024
Views:

189

Pages:

3
Author:

Sara

urinary functions filters blood reabsorbs water, salt secretes adrenaline excretes waste products regulates pH kidney function filters waste from blood and produces urine from ureter to bladder removal of nitrogen (urea) macrostructure of kidney bowmans capsule - hydrostatic pressure forces fluids out into tubules proximal convulated tube - absorbs fluid loops of henle - water reabsorbed collecting duct - urine stores urine production removes 1 ml/min transition epithelia as stretches ureter transports urine from kidney to bladder transitionaln epithelial bladder stores urine male - round shape - prostate female - cone shape double sphincter urethra carries urine from bladder to outside of bofy shorter in females than males u bend stops infection in males reproductive system primary sex organ - testes production of spermatozoa - never stopshomeostasis cold - out hot - in production of testosterone outside body accessory sex organs - vas deferens & epididymis two of each transfer of spermatoza from testes seminal vesicles empties into it travels through prostate gland 1/3 secrete seminal fluid for transport of spermatozoa accessory sex organs - seminal vesicles two seminal vesicles which empty into and prostate gland vas deferens single prostate empties into urethra accessory sex organs - penis transfers spermatozoa from male to female contains erectile tissue which fill with blood to produce an erection secondary sex characteristics deep voice facial, pubic hair receding hair muscle sex drive and aggression female reproductive system production of ova production of oestrogen and progesterone primary sex organ - ovary fallopian tubes (two) - transfer of ova from ovaries accessory sex organs - fallopian tubes, uterus - nutrition and development of emuterus and vagina bryo vagina - reception of spermatozoa accesory sex organs - mammary glands nutrition suckling promotes retraction of uterus secondary sex characteristics developments of breasts narrow shoulders and broad hips sex drive pubic and axiallary hair homeostasis relative constancy of internal envronment of body variables kept within limits plasma [Na+], [K+], [Ca+] osmolality pH 2/3 body temperature Plasma O2 and CO2 levels arterial blood pressure negative feedback control change put in place leads to opposite response minimises change error signal control of osmolality monitoring body omostic pressure by hypothalamic osmoreceptors changes in secretion of ADH stimulates or inhibits thirst and drinking control of body temperature - exchange maintained at 37 degrees body exchanges heat externally hypathalamus - integrating centre responds to input from skin control of body temperature - role of hyand brain thermoreceptors pothalamus body temp regulated by increasing/ decreasing heat loss vasoconstriction - capillaries less blood flow, less heat loss piloerection - traps insulating layer of air next to skin response to cold thermogenic shivering - rapid contraction - increase in heat increase in activity - muscle generates heat non shivering thermogenesis - activation of mitochondrial activity generates heat in brown adipose tissue repsonse to heat vasolidilation sweating - evaporation of water from skin surface reduces temperature 3/3