University:
University of Wolverhampton
Course:
4PY019 | Pharmacy
Academic year:

2024
Views:

339

Pages:

3
Author:

Sara

What is a receptor? a proteins which receives a signal and acts as a transducer. What is a transducer? converters energy from environment into electrical impulses. Where can receptors be found? cytosol inside nucleus cell surface membrane What are the 4 types of receptors? ligand-gated ion channels (ionotropic receptors) g-protein coupled receptors (metabotropic) kinase-linked receptors nuclear receptors. hormones What are the types of signal transmitters neurotransmitters are there? other- local signalling molecules, autocoids, neuropeptides What are hormones? released from one cell into extracellular space/circulation to travel to new site of action where they provoke a specific response. What are neurostransmittes? synthesised in the presynaptic neurone and stored in vesicles. What induces exocytosis of NT? Ca2+ influx Where are the receptors for NT located? post-synaptic neurone Define exocytosis. process by which vesicles release their contents What is re-uptake of NT? renters presynaptic axon terminal What is enzymatic degradation of NT? inside terminal cytosol or synaptic cleft. Name types of neurones. Acetylecholine Monoamines Amino Acids Neuropeptides 1/3 Purines Soluble gases Name some amino acid NT. GABA Glutamate Which NT accounts for most of inhibitory transmission? GABA Which NT accounts for majority of excitatory transmission? Glutamate. nicotinic and muscarinic. What are the types of acetylcholine resubtypes depending on activity to selecceptors? tive drug. ligand gated ion channel permeable to Na+ ions. Excitatory. Describe the properties of the nAChR. Pentameric= 5 subunits variation in subunits confers specificity between neuronal and muscle nAChRs. Describe the properties of the mAChr. G-protein coupled receptor. 5-subtypes (M1-M5) M1,3,5 (odd) excitatory) M2,4 inhibitory Describe glutamate receptors. ionotropic and metabotropic. ionotropic named after selective ligands (ACh receptors)- AMPA NMDA Kainate ionotropic receptors open cation channel Describe GABA receptors. GABAa is ionotropic ligand gated ion channel. Chloride channel GABAb is metabotropic-GPCR. Inhibts voltage gated Ca2+ channels and opens K+ channels activation of transducer proteins: guaDescribe G protein coupled receptors. nine nucleotide binding proteins (G proteins) ion channel mech is influx of ion (Na+ or Ca2+) 2/3 Explain G protein dependent signal transduction. Enzyme produces a sub that serves as a relay in the signal transduction mech called second messenger or intracellular messenger. What is a agonist? a molecule that increases a neurotransmitter's action What is an antagonist? They block the action of an agonist getting to the receptor to elicit a response, therefore no response is made What is a pharmacological agonist? combines with a receptor and produces a response. has affinity and efficacy combines with a receptor, does not proWhat is a pharmacological antagonist? duce a response but prevents the action of an agonist. has affinity but not efficacy. What a blockers? permeation blocked on ion channels. What are modulators? increases/decreases opening probability on ion channels What are inhibitors? inhibit the normal reaction. What is a false substrate? abnormal metabolite produced What is a prodrug? active drug produced 3/3