Taste and Hearing

1. What is the tongue attached by its base to? hyoid bone 2. What do papillae contain? taste receptors 3. What are the four types of circumvallate, fungiform, filiform, foliate papillae? 4. What are the functions of chewing the tongue? swallowing speech taste 5. Describe circumvallate papillae. largest semicircular near the base of the tongue 6. Describe fungiform papil- mainly lie at the tip and sides of the tongue lae. 7. Describe foliate papillae. leaf like lie on sides of the tongue 8. Describe filiform papillae. minute found all over the surface of the tongue 9. What type of papillae do not contain taste buds? filiform 10. Where are taste buds for bitter taste found? base of the tongue 11. Where are the taste buds for sweet and salty taste found? tip of the tongue 12. Where are the taste buds for sour taste found? sides of the tongue 13. 1/4 Describe the function of the ear. collects sound waves and convert into vibrations and then nerve impulses 14. Name the parts of the ex- auricle ternal ear. lobule external auditory meatus 15. Describe the auricle/pinna. elastic cartilage covered with skin directs soundwaves into the external auditory meatus 16. Describe the lobule. extends from the lower margin of the auricle skin covered connective tissue 17. Describe the external audi- s-shaped tory meatus. extends from the auricle to the eardrum has ceruminous glands (modified sweat glands) 18. What do ceruminous glands do? secrete cerumen (ear wax) 19. Describe the function of traps insects and prevents small foreign partithe external auditory mea- cles from reaching the eardrum tus. 20. Describe the middle ear. small air-filled chamber in the temporal bone three middle ear bones include malleus, incus, and stapes (three ear ossicles) 21. How is the external ear tympanic membrane separated from the middle ear? 22. How is the middle ear sep- by a bony wall with two openings (oval window arated from the internal and round window) ear? 23. What does the opening between the middle ear helps equalise the air pressure in the middle ear with the atmospheric pressure 2/4 chamber and auditory tube do? 24. What do the three ear ossi- form a bridge across the middle ear chamber cles do? between the tympanic membrane and oval window pick up vibrations of the tympanic membrane and transmit to the oval window 25. What does the internal ear osseous labyrinth consist of? 26. Describe the osseous labyrinth. filled with perilymph divided into vestibule, semicircular canals, and cochlea contains membranous labyrinth low K+ ions, high Na+ ions 27. Describe the membranous located within the osseous labyrinth labyrinth. filled with endolymph 28. Describe the vestibule. a chamber medial to the middle ear chamber vibration of the oval window transmitted to the perilymph of the vestibule contains receptors that detect position and movements of head 29. Describe the semicircular include anterior, posterior, and lateral canals. contains membranous semicircular ducts which contains receptors detects movements of the head 30. Describe the cochlea. associated with hearing snail shell like shape divided into scala vestibuli, cochlear duct, and scala tympani 31. Describe the mechanism of hearing. sound waves enter the external auditory canal and strike the tympanic membrane and get converted to vibrations 3/4 these vibratory movements are transmitted across the middle ear cavity by the ossicles to the oval window of the inner ear this causes movements in the perilymph pushing the perilymph along the scala vestibuli and into the scala tympani sensory cells of the organs of Corti vibrate and when these touch the tectorial membrane, impulse is generated this impulse is carried to the brain and translated to hearing 4/4