University:
University of Wolverhampton
Course:
4PY019 | Pharmacy
Academic year:

2024
Views:

411

Pages:

3
Author:

Sara

1. What is the system of blood vessels con- Hypophyseal Portal System necting the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary called? 2. What is hormone secretion in the anterior Hypothalamic Releasing Facpituitary gland largely controlled by? tors 3. TRH: hormone = TSH target = thyroid gland effects = secretion of TH Name: Hormone: Target: Effects: 4. CRF: hormone = ACTH target = adrenal cortex effects = glucocorticoid secretion Name: Hormone: Target: Effects: 5. GRH: Gonadotropin Releasing Factor Name: Hormone: Target: Effects: hormone = FSH + LH target = testes/ovaries effects = follicle development + sperm maturation 6. What are the hormones of the posterior pituitary gland? ADH - reabsorbs water oxytocin - labour contractions 7. What does T3 stand for? tri iodo thyronine 8. What does T4 stand for? - tetra iodo thyronine - thyroxine 9. Explain the entire process of thyroid hor- 1) TSH binds to TSH recepmone biosynthesis: tors on follicular cells of the thyroid which increases thyroglobulin production 1/4 2) TSH stimulates the uptake of iodide from blood using Na+/Isymporter 3) TSH increases TPO activity 4) protease seperates thyroglobulin from T3 + T4 5) thyroxine binding globulin transports T4 + T3 to peripheral tissues 10. What are the functions of TPO? - oxidases iodide into iodine (2I--> I2) - iodine joins onto tyrosine of thyroglobulin - responsible for coupling: MIT + DIT = T3 DIT + DIT = T4 11. Explain the thyroxine works in peripheral - T4 enters cell via transmemtissues to create proteins? brane transporters - T4 becomes T3 via 3 deiodinase on the ER - T3 binds to thyroid hormone receptor (THR) - retinoid X receptor (RXR) joins + binds to thyroid response element (TRE) to cause protein synthesis 12. What is the cause of hyperthyroidism? 2/4 too much T3 + T4 13. What is diffuse toxic goitre? - autoimmune - agonist of TSH receptor - increases thyroxine receptor - protruding eyeballs 14. What is toxic nodular goitre? - cancerous growth - benign 15. What is hypothyroidism? - autoimmune disease against thyroglobulin - less thyroglobulin = not enough T3 +T4 - HASHIMOTO'S THYROIDITIS 16. What does the Zona Glomerulose do? - synthesises mineral corticoids - aldosterone 17. What does the zona fasciculata secrete? glucocorticoids (cortisol) 18. What impact do glucocorticoids have negative feedback on the hypothalamus + anterior pituitary gland? 19. What do beta cells in the islet of langer- - secrete insulin han do? - decrease blood glucose 20. What is type 1 diabetes? - autoimmune disease directed at pancreatic beta cells - causes high blood glucose levels 21. What is type 2 diabetes? - progressive insulin resistance - requires diet control 22. What is the system of blood vessels connecting the hypothalamus to the anterior pituita 3/4