University:
University of Wolverhampton
Course:
4PY019 | Pharmacy
Academic year:

2024
Views:

424

Pages:

3
Author:

Sara

1. What is post-marketing surveil- checking to see if there are rare adverse lance? events after the drug's approval 2. What is the spontaneous reporting system? to monitor adverse drug effect patterns that could cause public health concern 3. How is safety pharmacology split into 2? - primarily, it serves the needs of regulatory authorities - secondarily, scientific proof 4. What is the 'gold standard' for a rank order of liable drugs in humans drug testing? 5. Define toxicology: the degree to which a substance can harm humans/animals 6. How can reactive metabolites by replacing the responsible functional be blocked? group with atoms like fluorine 7. What is aplastic anaemia? body doesn't produce enough new cells 8. What are idiosyncratic reactions? drug reactions that occur rarely + unpredictable 9. What uncommon, but severe aplastic anaemia idiosyncratic ADRs are produces from chloramphenicol? 10. Why are idiosyncratic drug re- differing individuals have different suscepactions (IDRs) difficult to de- tibilities to toxicants due to different factors; tect? e.g. genetic traits 11. What is necrosis + what can it necrosis is cell death + can be caused by be caused by? toxic conc of reactive metabolites 12. What is the primary mechacovalent interactions with DNA nism of mutagenic chemicals? 13. 1/3 What can non-mutagenic chemicals do? they can also bind covalently to macromolecules 14. NOAEL: no observed adverse effect level - this is max dose can receive without adverse effects 15. LOAEL: min conc of substance needed to cause adverse effects 16. What is the Ames test? in-vitro assay that uses tests for mutagenic potential 17. What does a negative Ames test show? a small number of bacteria are mutating back to their original form 18. What does a positive Ames test an increasing number of bacteria are reshow? verting back to their original form 19. What bacteria does the Ames test use? salmonella strains of bacteria that cannot produce histidine which is needed to grow 20. Why are in-vivo tests more reli- in-vivo use animals models who have comable than in-vitro? plex metabolic processes etc. 21. What is a pharmacophore? atoms/functional groups needed for specific activity + their positions in 3D space 22. What are pharmacophores re- molecular interactions between a drug + sponsible for? target receptor 23. What is a toxicophore? a functional group within a structure that is responsible for the toxic prop of the molecule, either directly/after metabolic processes 24. What are toxicophores also re- structural alerts ferred to as? 25. What is an isotere? 2/3 the group that replaces the toxicophore when the toxicophore + pharmacophore overlap 26. What happens when the toxi- additional research is needed cophore + the pharmacophore overlap, but the toxicophore cannot be replaced? 27. What happens when the toxi- it is much easier to replace the toxicophore cophore + pharmacophore do group not overlap? 28. What are bioisosteres? substituents/functional groups that have chemical/physical similiarities + related molecular shape 3/3