Health Psychology Study Materials

1. What is health promotion? the process of enabling people to increase control over + to improve their health 2. What is aetiology? the cause, set of causes / manner of causation of a disease or condition 3. What is public psychology? aims to investigate potential causal links between psychosocial factors + health at the pop level in order to promote better public health 4. What is total health? a state of complete physical, mental + social wellbeing + not merely the absence of disease 5. What is mental health? a state of wellbeing in which an individual realises his/her own abilities can cope with the normal stress of life, can work productively + is able to contribute to his/her community 6. In ancient times what - sorcery/possession by evil spirits was illness believed to be caused by? - it was then believed that it resulted from an imbalance between 4 different types of bodily fluids = the humours 7. What was discovthe discovery of gross anatomy, tissues + cells within ered between the the body 16th + 19th century, which led to a huge increase in understanding of how the body worked? 8. Describe the bioa symptom of illness is always due to an underlying medical model of ill- pathology + that therefore it can usually be cured by ness: medical treatment 9. What are cons of the - reductionist biomedical model of illness? - ignores the fact that people respond differently to 1/5 the same underlying disease because of differences in personality, social support + cultural beliefs 10. Describe the biopsy- - acknowledges that there is also a psychological comchosocial model of ponent to illness + disease illness: - it takes account of behaviour, emotions, cognition + personality 11. What is health continuum? where people move between good health + illness continuously regardless of the illness being physical/mental / been cured vs stabilised 12. What are health inequalities? differences in health status between different pop groups 13. What are health inequities? - avoidable inequalities in health between groups of people within countries + between countries - social + economic conditions + their effects on people's lives determine their risk of illness + the actions taken to prevent them becoming ill/treat illness when it occurs 14. What did Kasl + Cobb (1966) say were the 3 different types of health behaviour? - health behaviour - illness behaviour - sick role behaviour 15. Define health behav- an activity undertaken by a person believing himself to iour: be healthy for the purpose of preventing disease 16. Define illness behav- an activity undertaken by a person who feels ill, to iour: define the state of his health + to discover a suitable remedy 17. Define sick role behaviour: - someone who is ill tries to get well e.g. through treatment 2/5 18. What did Harris + behaviour performed by an individual, regardless of Guten (1979) define perceived health status, with the purpose of protecthealth behaviour as? ing, promoting / maintaining health 19. What did Matarazzo - health impairing habits / behavioural pathogens (1984) divide health behaviours into? - health protective behaviours/ behavioural immunogens 20. What are the 3 - extraversion key traits that Hans - neuroticism Eysenck (1982) iden- - psychoticism tified that have an impact on health behaviour? 21. What were the 5 traits that McCrae + Costa (1992) said the personality are comprised of? - agreeableness - conscientiousness - extraversion - neuroticism - openness 22. How does those engage in less health enhancing behaviours than othscoring highly on ers neuroticism affect their engagement in health-enhancing behaviours? 23. Describe the self-de- states that individuals experience 1 of 2 forms of motermination theory: tivation = autonomous or controlled 24. What happens when they feel a profound sense of choice people experience autonomous motivation? 25. What happens when they feel obliged + driven by external forces such as people experience managers 3/5 controlled motivation? 26. What happens when their persistence + wellbeing improves individuals feel they are granted choice + autonomy? 27. What does the self-determination theory distinguish between? intrinsic + extrinsic motivation 28. What is intrinsic mo- an individual will complete a task because it is inhertivation? ently enjoyable, challenging / significant + not because they are forced to do so 29. What is extrinsic mo- an individual completes a task because there is an tivation? external reward to do so 30. What is an internal locus of control (LOC)? they are responsible for their own actions 31. What is an external LOC? what happens to them is due to external factors such as fate/luck 32. What other dimension did Wallston add to the locus of control (LOC) theory? believe that their health is determined by the action of others such as doctors 33. What are the 3 - cognitive (beliefs about the attitude) components of atti- - emotional (feelings towards the attitude) tudes? - behavioural (intended action towards the attitude) 34. What is unrealistic optimism? individuals willingly engage in risky behaviour as either they do not consider themselves at risk / they consider to be at less risk than other people 4/5 35. Name some factors - a lack of experience associated with un- - a belief that if the problem has not emerged already realistic optimism: if won't be in the future 36. What does Bandura a belief by an individual in their capabilities to excerdefine self-efficacy cise control over their own functioning + over events as? that affect their lives 37. What are the 4 main sources of influence that shape individuals belief in their own efficacy? - past experiences of their success - past experiences of seeing someone similar to them succeed - belief that they are capable of succeeding in given activities - belief that they have personal strengths which they can call on to help them succeed 5/5