University:
University of Wolverhampton
Course:
4PY019 | Pharmacy
Academic year:

2024
Views:

394

Pages:

4
Author:

Sara

1. What is the renal/urinary system composed of? - 2 x kidneys - 2 x ureters - 1 x bladder - 1 x urethra 2. How does blood enter the kidneys? aorta via renal arteries 3. How does blood leave the kidneys? inferior vena cava via renal veins 4. What is glycogen- storing glucose as glycogen esis? 5. What is glycogenolysis? breakdown of stored glycogen into glucose 6. What is the hilum? hollow space + where blood vessels / nerves enter + leave 7. What is the ultrafiltrate name of the fluid that the nephron works on? 8. How does blood enter the nephron? through the afferent arteriole 9. What are the 3 - fenestrated endothelium parts of glomeru- - connective tissue lar filtration? - podocyte foot process 10. Explain fenestrat- - pores 70-100nm ed endothelium: - barrier to cells 11. Explain connective tissue: barrier to proteins 1/4 12. Is the collecting it is impermeable unless there is ADH present duct permeable/impermeable? 13. Where does se- - PCT lective reabsorp- - DCT tion occur? - loop of henle - collecting duct 14. properties of PCT - lots of mitochondria found in the cells cells: - lots of J required to reabsorb substances against the gradient 15. What is structural protection fat? 16. What is functional J fat? 17. Why does the - it is made of collagen connective tissue - collagen is negatively charged not allow proteins - proteins are also negatively charged thus they repel through? 18. What centre is ac- pontine storage centre tivated by an empty bladder? 19. What centre is ac- pontine micturition centre tivated by a full bladder? 20. What does the pontine storage centre do? - cause bladder to relax - internal urethral sphincter contracts - external urethral sphincter constricts 2/4 - urine stays in 21. What does the pontine micturition centre do? - inhibits sympathetic neurons, it no longer keeps the bladder relaxed = so it contracts - internal urethral sphincter relaxes - external urethral sphinter relaxes - urine comes out 22. How much is a full 400-500mL bladder? 23. What is the pur- so that the kidneys can maintain its 120 ml/min rate pose of the RAAS system? 24. What things may - low blood pressure trigger the RAAS - low blood volume system to be activated? 25. What are the 3 1) decrease in blood pa detected by juxtaglomerular cells ways that can cause renin to be 2) decrease in Na+ conc detected by macula densa released? 3) SNS innervation 26. How does the Jux- - JGC are baroreceptors in the afferent arteriole taglomerular cells - they can detect pa changes + thus release renin cause renin to be released? 27. How do the Mac- - chemoreceptors in DCT ula Densa cells cause renin to be released? 3/4 28. Where is liver Angiotensinogen produced + stored? 29. Where are the - efferent arteriole 3 main areas - adrenal gland cortex that Angiotensin - hypothalamus 2 works? 30. What does an- constricts smooth muscle giotensin II do in the efferent arteriole? 31. What does anreleases aldosterone giotensin II do in the adrenal gland cortex? 32. What does anreleases ADH into the DCT + collecting duct giotensin II do in the hypothalamus? 33. What does aldos- - tell the DCT to throw Na+ back into the body terone do? - Na+ back in the blood - blood volume increases + blood pressure increases 4/4