University:
University of Wolverhampton
Course:
4PY019 | Pharmacy
Academic year:

2024
Views:

238

Pages:

2
Author:

Sara

What is a prokaryotic cell? -Single celled organism -No Nucleus (no membrane bound DNA) What is a eukaryotic cell? -Single or multicellular organism -Membrane Bound nucleus (all plants and animals) Name 3 types of specialised cells in humans -Bone cells -Blood cells -Muscle cells -Sperm cells -Female egg cell -Fat cell -Nerve cell Name 3 Organelles in humans -Endoplasmic reticulum (rough and smooth) -Golgi apparatus -Mitochondria -Lysosomes -Peroxisomes -Ribosomes -Nucleus -Centrioles -Microtubules What is the difference between cytoplasm and cytosol? -Cytoplasm is all things within a cell membrane - Except nucleus -Cytosol is the fluid part of Cytoplasm What is the process by which instructions in DNA are converted into a functional product (protein)? Central Dogma (which is Transcription and Translation) What is the process where DNA is copied and RNA is made? Transcription What is the process where RNA is made into a functional protein? Translation What is the nuclear envelope? double membrane that surrounds the nucleus 1/2 What are nuclear pores? holes in the nuclear envelope where large molecules can pass into and out of the nucleus (mRNA) What are the two forms of endoplasmic reticulum? smooth and rough What is the function of the rough ER protein synthesis Why is the Rough ER considered Granular? The presence of ribosomes What is the function of the smooth ER? -lipid synthesis -detoxification -calcium storage What is the role of ribosomes? Synthesis proteins: -on free ribosomes in the cytosol -on ribosomes attached to the RER Modifying proteins (From primary into a What is the role of the Golgi apparatus? globular tertiary structure) and packaging them into vesicles What is the role of the mitochondria? ATP synthesis What is the role of lysosomes? -Digesting food (proteins etc.) -Digesting organelles -Digesting cells What is the role of Peroxisomes? H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) removal (using enzymes) What is the role of Cillia? Capture unwanted particles such as dust What is the role of Flagella? movement What is the cytoskeleton? A network of protein filaments that help maintain the structure of the cell What is the role of endosomes? Sort, Modify and direct vesicles What is a secretory vesicle? Secreted from Golgi apparatus, containing proteins 2/2