University:
University of Wolverhampton
Course:
4PY019 | Pharmacy
Academic year:

2024
Views:

325

Pages:

2
Author:

Sara

Arteries Blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart Elastic Arteries Arteries closest to the heart with a large diameter and elastic fibers in the middle layer (tunica media) Muscular Arteries Medium-sized arteries with more smooth muscle than elastic fibers in the middle layer (tunica media) Arterioles Small arteries with a muscular layer that regulate blood flow and resistance Capillaries Microscopic vessels that connect arterioles to venules and allow for the exchange of nutrients and waste products Venules Small veins that collect blood from capillaries Veins Blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart Capillary Bed Network of capillaries where the exchange of nutrients and waste products occurs Precapillary Sphincters Muscular rings that regulate blood flow into capillary beds Vasomotion Contraction and relaxation of precapillary sphincters to regulate blood flow in microcirculation Continuous Capillaries Capillaries found in muscle, skin, lung, fat, connective tissue, and the nervous system that only allow small molecules to diffuse through their walls Fenestrated Capillaries Capillaries found in the renal glomerulus and tubules, glands, and intestinal mucosa with higher permeability for fluid exchange 1/2 Discontinuous Capillaries Capillaries found in the bone marrow, spleen, and liver with large gaps and high permeability to plasma proteins and blood cells Anastomoses Union of two or more arteries supplying the same body region, allowing for collateral circulation Arteriovenous Anastomoses Connections between arterioles and venules that bypass capillaries and regulate temperature Cardiac Output The amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute Heart Rate The number of heart beats per minute Stroke Volume The amount of blood pumped out by a ventricle with each beat Blood Pressure The force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels Preload The amount the ventricles are stretched by blood before contraction Contractility The contractile force of cardiac cells Afterload The back pressure exerted by blood in the large arteries leaving the heart Baroreceptors Sensory receptors located in the carotid sinuses and aorta that detect changes in blood pressure Baroreceptor Reflex A reflex that regulates blood pressure by adjusting heart rate and blood vessel diameter Autonomic Nervous System The part of the nervous system that controls visceral activities and functions such as heart rate and blood pressure 2/2