University:
University of Wolverhampton
Course:
4PY019 | Pharmacy
Academic year:

2024
Views:

443

Pages:

2
Author:

Sara

1. Drug development stages: - discovery + pre-clinical = 3-6 years - 3 phase clinical trials = 6-7 years - FDA review + scale-up = 0.5-2 years - post-marketing surveillance 2. High Throughput compounds target proteins of interest Screening: 3. Natural Products: - purified organic compounds isolated from natural sources - produced by pathways of primary + secondary metabolism 4. Medical folklore: rhubarb root = used as a purgative for centuries = contained anthraquinones which made the laxative 5. Natural ligand: - a biological molecule that naturally interacts with proteins + can be modified chemically to generate new hits - e.g. adrenaline + noradrenaline developed adrenergic B-agonist (salbutamol) 6. Serendipity: e.g. mustard gas kills WBC but was further optimised + now treats leukemia 7. Development of hit to lead: - synthesis of analogues to create an image of molecules needed for activity - helps improve desirable properties for effective interaction with target 8. Lead molecule optimisation: optimisation + synthesis of analogues result in identification of up to 5 molecules which have the desired prop 9. Candidate Selec- 1) molecule selected for pre-clinical safety tion: 2) investigate acute toxicity = high doses into animals to determine toxic + lethal levels 3) in vitro tests = in cells 4) in vivo tests = on animals 5) long term toxicity = over years on animals for chronic toxic effects 1/2 10. Primary manufacturing: 1) production of API 2) chemical synthesis + purification of compound 3) API undergoes testing for purity + potency 11. Secondary man- 1) conversion of API to final formulation ufacturing: 2) check for desired characteristics (stability, bioavailability + ease of administration) 12. Advantages of - low cost chemoinformat- - fast ic: - reduces use of lab animals - rapid identification 13. Disadvantages - inaccurate of - complex software chemoinformatic: 14. Storing chemical electronic chemical database e.g. ChemSpider info: 15. Molecular model- detect physiochemical properties + activity based off ling to predict structure of drug drug properties: 2/2