University:
University of Wolverhampton
Course:
4PY019 | Pharmacy
Academic year:

2024
Views:

471

Pages:

3
Author:

Sara

Identify and Unmet Need First step in the drug pipeline where the patient population, disease burden and current treatment options are evaluated. Find a disease target Second step in the drug pipeline where drugs are screened for their effects on specific molecules or processes. Discover a drug Third step in the drug pipeline where drugs are found originating from different sources such as serendipity or luck, traditional medicines, screening of natural material or compound libraries and screening existing drugs for new indications. Refine the lead Fourth step in the drug pipeline where promising compounds are synthesised and structural analogues found which are screened for relative activity, drug-like properties and pharmacokinetics. Preclinical Development Fifth step in the drug pipeline where drugs are prepared and tested using standardised methods. Select the lead Sixth step in the drug pipeline where clinical candidates must demonstrate specific properties in order to outcompete other candidates. Clinical development Seventh step in the drug pipeline where tests are conducted in phases and on people. Regulatory approval Eighth step in the drug pipeline where companies apply to have a drug approved for a specific disease indication, proving that the drug is beneficial for patients and all harms are minimised. Post-market assessment 1/3 Ninth step in the drug pipeline where a larger sample size is able to be observed over a longer a period of time. omics Targets are found using these. Confirm targets Genetic modification and RNA, protein or metabolite interference and monitoring physiological systems is used to... Pharmacophores Specific structural features of drugs. SAR Structure-activity relationship Good manufacturing Practice used to ensure batch quality. Pharmaceutical formulation Used to enhance delivery Quality control testing Used to ensure sterility, purity and stability. Efficacy Standard models of disease are used to show what? ADME Standardised models of pharmacokinetics are used to check what? Toxicity To ensure safety, standardised models of what are used? in vitro Disease models that are in the lab and conducted on cells. ex vivo Disease models conducted on human or animal tissues but studied in the lab. in vivo In the living body, tests conducted in living animals. 0-1 Phases of trials where the drug is attested in a small number of healthy individuals with the aim of determining if the drug behaves as it did in preclinical studies. 2-3 Phases of trials where the drug is tested on increasing numbers of patients with the aim of deterring if the drug has the desired actions. 2/3 4 Phase of trial where the drug is used in the clinic or by the general population with the aim to monitor long-term benefits and harms for a drug. Rongoa Maori Traditional healing system used for more than 3,000 years. Rongoa rakau Plant based remedies. Ethnopharmacology The bridge between traditional practices and modern medicines which aims to validate traditional preparations. 40% Percentage of drugs in development today that are from plant or microbial-derived leads. Cancer treatments When will compounds and extracts be used at toxic levels? 3/3