University:
Western Sydney University
Course:
MEDI 2003 | Clinical Sciences 2
Academic year:

2024
Views:

148

Pages:

2
Author:

Mariam A. A.

Obesity Risk Factors: Genetics Diet: Processed meat, red meat, sugary drinks, sweetened beverages, legumes, vegetables, fruit, milk, yogurt, cheese Lifestyle: Sedentary lifestyle, lack of exercise, smoking, screen time, public transport, office jobs Body shape: Pear vs. apple Associated Diseases: Asthma Osteoarthritis Sleep apnea Non-alcoholic liver disease Cardiovascular disease Stroke Type 2 diabetes Osteoporosis Joint pain Inflammation, cell damage Blood sugar level imbalance Insulin resistance Metabolic syndrome Increased risk of various cancers Describe genetic, biological, and environmental contributors to weight status: Genetic: Mutations in leptin or leptin resistance Prader-Willi syndrome Melanocortin receptor 4 deficiency Biological: Hypothalamic set point theory Endocrine imbalances Metabolic rate Physical activity Mitochondrial function Environmental: Socioeconomic factors Cultural factors Access to healthy food Stress Obesity and Genetics Mutations in single nucleotide polymorphism No effect on protein production Is no effect on obesity Linked with environmental factors related to energy intake and expenditure Is coding SNP → change in amino acid of protein produced Non-coding SNP → change in gene sequence Where genetic disorders may occur Peripheral signals suppressing satiety hormones Leptin, insulin, CCK, GLP-1, PYY Hypothalamic nuclei Brain rewards Lifestyle changes Effects on systems that influence energy intake and expenditure ANS, thermogenesis, ingestive behavior ↑ weight → ↑ metabolism because body has more energy to work and move muscles Evaluate current research into weight loss programs and recommended dietary approaches to weight loss Limiting unhealthy foods Physical activity Improve sleep Family lifestyle changes Gardening Standing desks, walking meetings, regular short breaks Education and wellness programs for students and teachers