University:
Western Sydney University
Course:
MEDI 2003 | Clinical Sciences 2
Academic year:

2024
Views:

267

Pages:

1
Author:

Mariam A. A.

AKI Diagnosis Risk Factors: CR (Chronic Kidney Disease) Age (≥65 years) Estimated GFR (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73m² History of AKI IV contrast agents Diuretics AKI Stages: Stage 1: Increase in serum creatinine by 0.3 mg/dL or ≥50% from baseline Stage 2: Increase in serum creatinine by 0.5 mg/dL or ≥100% from baseline Stage 3: Increase in serum creatinine by 1.0 mg/dL or ≥200% from baseline or urine output <0.5 mL/kg/h for 12 hours Post-Renal AKI: Causes: Renal Ureteral Obstruction (RUO), bladder outlet obstruction, urethral obstruction Risk factors: Neurogenic bladder, prostate enlargement, urethral stricture Urine analysis: Abnormal WBCs, eosinophils, nitrites, hematuria, muddy brown casts Microscopy: Acute interstitial nephritis, tubular necrosis Pre-Renal AKI: Causes: Hypovolemia, hypotension, sepsis, heart failure, nephrotoxic medications Risk factors: Volume depletion, diuretic use, heart disease Urine analysis: Normal or concentrated urine, increased urine specific gravity (USG) FENA <1% BUN/Cr >20:1 Intrinsic Renal AKI: Causes: Acute tubular necrosis (ATN), acute interstitial nephritis (AIN), glomerulonephritis Risk factors: Sepsis, nephrotoxic medications, autoimmune diseases Urine analysis: Muddy brown casts, RBCs, WBCs, proteinuria FENA >2% BUN/Cr <20:1