University:
Western Sydney University
Course:
MEDI 2003 | Clinical Sciences 2
Academic year:

2024
Views:

137

Pages:

1
Author:

Mariam A. A.

PSNS (Parasympathetic Nervous System) Overview: Brainstem: Edinger-Westphal nucleus: Projects to the ciliary ganglion for eye functions. Superior Salivatory nucleus: Projects to pterygopalatine and submandibular ganglia for nasal, palatal, and salivary glands. Inferior Salivatory nucleus: Projects to otic ganglion for the parotid salivary gland. Dorsal nucleus of the vagus: Involved in various parasympathetic functions, including heart and digestive tract. Ganglia and Organs: Ciliary ganglion: Controls eye functions such as pupillary constriction and lens accommodation. Pterygopalatine ganglion: Controls nasal, palatal, and lacrimal glands for secretions. Submandibular ganglion: Increases secretions in submandibular and sublingual salivary glands. Otic ganglion: Increases secretion in the parotid salivary gland. Vagus Nerve (Left and Right): Cardiac Plexus: Decreases heart rate and atrial contractility. Bronchi Plexus: Constricts bronchi and increases secretions. Gastrointestinal Tract: Stimulates motility and secretions in the stomach and intestines. Increases glycogenesis in the liver. Promotes gallbladder contraction and bile release. Celiac Plexus: Modulates activity in kidneys, pancreas, and digestive organs. Increases insulin release from pancreatic beta cells. Cardiac Function: Inhibition of Cardiac Acceleratory Center: Decreases heart rate and blood pressure by inhibiting sympathetic tone. Increases venous return and decreases peripheral resistance. Digestive and Excretory Systems: Esophagus and Stomach: Promotes peristalsis and digestive secretions. Small Intestine: Increases motility and absorption. Kidneys and Urinary System: Increases motility in the colon and promotes urine formation. Overall Effect: The parasympathetic nervous system promotes "rest and digest" activities, reducing energy expenditure and promoting restorative processes.