University:
Western Sydney University
Course:
MEDI 2003 | Clinical Sciences 2
Academic year:

2024
Views:

300

Pages:

2
Author:

Mariam A. A.

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) Many cysts, but not all Insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia ↑ testosterone, ↑ androstenedione ↓ sex hormone binding globulins Extracellular matrix: Collagen, glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans Follicular phase: ↑ LH, ↓ FSH No LH surge Ovulation disorders Hirsutism, acne, male-pattern baldness Infertility, amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea Weight gain, obesity Low-grade inflammation Insulin resistance Metabolic syndrome Cardiovascular disease Type 2 diabetes Endometrial hyperplasia Endometrial cancer Sleep apnea Infertility Treatment Lifestyle changes: Weight loss, exercise, diet Medications: Metformin Clomiphene Letrozole Hormonal contraceptives Antiandrogens Surgical options Diagnosis Rotterdam criteria: PCOS is diagnosed based on the presence of at least two of the following criteria: Oligo-ovulation and/or anovulation Hyperandrogenism (clinical features or laboratory studies) Enlarged and/or polycystic ovaries on ultrasound Pelvic ultrasound not necessary for diagnosis if other criteria are met Treatment Lifestyle changes: Weight loss, exercise, diet Medications: Metformin Clomiphene Spironolactone Combined oral contraceptives Letrozole Androgens Surgical options: Ovarian drilling, wedge resection