Cutaneous Cell Carcinoma | Western Sydney University - Edubirdie

University:
Western Sydney University
Course:
MEDI 2003 | Clinical Sciences 2
Academic year:

2024
Views:

39

Pages:

2
Author:

Mariam A. A.

Cutaneous cell carcinoma Definition/pathogenesis • Occurs as a result of a malignant transformation of keratinocytes in the stratum spinosum of the epidermis Epidemiology • • • • Second most common skin cancer More common in females 2:1 Increases with age, closeness to the equator Lighter skin tones Aetiology • • • • • • • UV exposure Exposure to ionising energy Chemical carcinogens (e.g., coal tars thorough smoking) Chronically damaged areas of the skin Precancerous skin lesions HPV infection Genetic mutations - Deletion of tumor progression locus 2 gene Clinical Features • • • Appearance: - Ulceration that are red and have everted edges - The floor of the ulcer looks like a granulation tissue and easily bleeds - Inflamed skin around ulcer - Ulcer covered by a growing red plaque, which frequently scales Location - Most commonly on the face and neck - Typical locations include the lower lip, ears, and hands. Growth and Spread: - Locally invasive but grows slowly - The overall rate of metastasis is 2% - Regional metastasis to lymph nodes is more common than hematogenous spread Pathology • • • • Grade 1 (highly differentiated): > 75% of keratinocytes are well-differentiated Grade 2 (moderately differentiated): 50–75% of keratinocytes are well differentiated Grade 3 (poorly differentiated): 25–50% of keratinocytes are well differentiated Grade 4 (undifferentiated/anaplastic): < 25% of keratinocytes are well-differentiated Diagnosis • Biopsy: - Atypical keratinocytes: polygonal cells with atypical nuclei - Keratin pearls (also called epithelial nests): deposits of keratin that are surrounded by concentric layers of atypical keratinocytes

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