Basal Cell Cancer - Edubirdie

University:
Western Sydney University
Course:
MEDI 2003 | Clinical Sciences 2
Academic year:

2024
Views:

294

Pages:

2
Author:

Mariam A. A.

Basal Cell Cancer Definition • • • Malignant neoplasm Involves basal carcinoma Basal cell carcinomas tend to be slow growing tumours that rarely metastasize to distant regions of the body, but can be locally invasive, invading into the basement membrane and spreading through the skin and surrounding structures. Epidemiology • • • Most common malignant skin cancer Mainly affects lighter skin tones More common in females than males Aetiology • • • Sun exposure Genetic predisposition: - Skin types 1 and 2 - People with red hair - People who easily sunburn Chemicals such as arsenic, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Clinical Features • Location - Areas exposed to skin - Mainly occur above the line joining the earlobe and corner of the mouth, such as forehead, eyelids, nose and upper lip • • Clinical appearance - Pearly nodule - Nonhealing ulcer with central depression and rolled nontender borders - Pink, pearly and waxy elevations of the skin with small dilated blood vessels running over it (telangiectasias) - Central ulceration or crusting Growth - Slow growing - Painless - Locally invasive - Very rarely metastasizes Diagnosis • • • • Dermoscopy Excisional biopsy Wedge biopsy Upon skin biopsy, the classical finding are nests of basaloid cells with peripheral palisading nuclei. Pathogenesis • • Most basal cell carcinomas have mutations that lead to unbridled Hedgehog signalling PTCH protein is a receptor for sonic hedgehog (SHH), a component of the Hedgehog signalling pathway, which controls polarity and CNS development during embryogenesis and also regulates hair follicle formation and hair growth Treatment and Management • • Surgical excision of BCC with safety margin of surrounding healthy tissue Mohs micrographic surgery: tumour removed layer by layer and each layer is examined for tumour cell

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