Heart Features Study Resources

Heart features • Margins of the heart - Left margin (oblique) ✓ Formed by left ventricle and left auricle Right margin ✓ Section of right atrium between the superior and inferior vena cava Superior margin ✓ anterior view is formed by both atria and their auricles. Inferior margin (acute margin) ✓ right ventricle • Coronary sulcus - • Also known as the atrioventricular groove Demarcates atria from ventricles Where coronary artery sits Left and right atria - - Right ✓ Receive venous blood from: ✓ SVC, IVC and coronary sinus SVC opens into the superior part of the right atrium at the level of the right 3rd costal cartilage IVC opens into the inferior part of the right atrium almost in line with the SVC at approximately the level of the 5th costal cartilage The opening of the coronary sinus, a short venous trunk receiving most of the cardiac veins, is between the right AV orifice and the IVC orifice ✓ Interior ✓ Smooth, thin-walled, posterior part (the sinus venarum) on which the venae cava (SVC and IVC) and coronary sinus open, bringing poorly oxygenated blood into the heart. ✓ Tricuspid valve Right atrium discharges poorly oxygenated blood to the ventricles ➢ smooth and rough parts of the atrial wall are separated externally by a shallow vertical groove, the sulcus terminalis, and internally by a vertical ridge, the crista terminalis or terminal cres ✓ oval fossa (L. fossa ovalis), which is a remnant of the oval foramen (L. foramen ovale) and its valve in the foetus Terminal crest terminal sulcus: groove in the right atrium and separation of the right atrial pectinate muscles from the sinus veratrum • left atrium - forms most of the base of the heart sulcus terminals The valveless pairs of right and left pulmonary veins Left atrioventricular orifice: opening between the left atrium and ventricle of the heart Orifices of pulmonary veins Interior part: ✓ A larger smooth-walled part and a smaller muscular auricle containing pectinate muscles ✓ Four pulmonary veins (two superior and two inferior) entering its smooth posterior wall ✓ A slightly thicker wall than that of the right atrium ✓ Location of mitral valve • Right auricle - • Extension of the right atria Right ventricle - thick muscular ridge, the supraventricular cres separate left and right ventricles less muscle walls under less pressure tricuspid valve -> guard right orifice Trabeculae carnae: contraction pulls on Moderator band: to carries part of the right branch of the AV bundle, a part of the conducting system of the heart to the anterior papillary muscle Conus arteriosus: part of RV that leads into the pulmonary trunk Pulmonary orifice: opening between the pulmonary trunk and the right ventricle of the heart 3 papillary muscles ✓ Anterior: ➢ Largest ➢ Most prominent ➢ Arise from anterior wall ➢ tendinous cords attach to the anterior and posterior cusps of the tricuspid valve ✓ Posterior: ➢ Smaller than anterior ➢ May consist of several parts ➢ its tendinous cords attach to the posterior and septal cusps of the tricuspid valve ✓ Septal: ➢ arises from the interventricular septum ➢ tendinous cords attach to the anterior and septal cusps of the tricuspid valve • left ventricle - more muscle under high pressure mitral valve -> protect left orifice. Has two leaflets Walls that are mostly covered with a mesh of trabeculae carinae that are finer and more numerous than those of the right ventricle. A conical cavity that is longer than that of the right ventricle Anterior and posterior papillary muscles that are larger than those in the right ventricle A smooth-walled, non-muscular, supero-anterior outflow part, the aortic vestibule, leading to the aortic orifice and aortic valve Aortic vestibule: superior region of the left ventricle which lies just inferior to the aortic orifice Aortic orifice and valve • s of the heart • Base/ posterior - Both atria, but mainly left atria Qwjqui nbejkqiye qwmq nli w nkwiyiyqe enbnbcuiudiusdosaudiouasdada • Apex - • Sternocostal surface (anterior) - • RA Left pulmonary - • RV Right pulmonary - • Left ventricle LV Diaphragmatic - LV and RV