University:
Western Sydney University
Course:
MEDI 2003 | Clinical Sciences 2
Academic year:

2024
Views:

119

Pages:

3
Author:

Mariam A. A.

Myeloid maturation • • • • • • Blast -> have nucleoli Promyelocyte -> granulated cytoplasm and nucleoli Myelocyte -> cytoplasmic granules and no nucleoli and wound nucleus Metamyelocyte -> curved nucleus Band -> smaller with curved nucleus Neutrophil -> lobulated nucleus Neutrophil Barr body • • • Normal Males 46XY, females 46XX Represents inactive X-chromosome Usually only present in phenotypic female - But can also be present in phenotypic males ✓ 47 XXY or Klinefelter’s syndrome Monocytes • • • • • Count 0.2 -1 x109 /L or 2-10% of white cell count Differentiation under control of cytokines-granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor and macrophage stimulating factor (GM-CSF and M-CSF) Half life of 24 hours in the peripheral blood Differentiate into tissue macrophages Role in phagocytosis of microbes and damaged tissue, antigen presentation and cytokine secretion Cluster of differentiation • • • proteins found on the surface of cells, and are therefore cell surface markers that can be used to identify cells of different linages there are more than 350 CD identified identify the different types of lymphocytes present in the blood (as well as other cells) CAR-T Cells • • • • • • • Car-T cells (Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cells) T cells (derived from patients with usually B-cell neoplasms up until this time) with insertion of trans-membrane protein into the cell membrane Consist of serval parts External single chain antigen binding domain e.g. CD 19 (other) Hinge and transmembrane domain Costimulatory domain TCR(t-cell receptor) CD3 zeta signalling domain BiTE • • • • Bispecific T-cell Engager A protein that combines 2 antibody binding domains, such as anti-CD19 (which attaches to CD19 on B-cells) and anti-CD3 (which attaches to CD3 on T-cells) This results in T-cells being in close proximity via this bispecific antibody bridge Can be use to have the body’s own T-cells destroy malignant B-cell tumours such as B-cell non-Hodgkins Lymphoma and Bcell derived Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia Erythrocytes-45% • RBCs - Function: Carry oxygen around the body - No nucleus, mitochondria, ER or any membrane bound organelle - Disc shaped - 4 major components: spectrin, actin, protein 4.1 and ankyrin - Histological appearance: ✓ About 7 micro meter in diameter ✓ Pale centre