University:
Western Sydney University
Course:
MEDI 2003 | Clinical Sciences 2
Academic year:

2024
Views:

418

Pages:

8
Author:

Mariam A. A.

Human Anatomy Learning Objectives: • • Identify anatomical directions (superior and inferior, anterior, and posterior, dorsal and ventral, proximal and distal, medial and lateral) and how they relate to the axial and appendicular regions of the body. Identify the human body planes (coronal, transverse, sagittal, median, fontal) and apply them appropriately to anatomical descriptions of the body. Anatomy Histology ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Hippocrates (460 - 377 BCE) Aristotle (384 – 322 BCE) Herophilus (330 – 260 BCE) Galen (129 – 216 BCE): his theories are mainly incorrect, but back then they dominated the west. Anatomy definition ✓ Anatomy is the study of the structure (word anatomy is derived from Greek and means “to cut up”)– anatomists study the relationships among parts of the body along with the structure of individual organs. The terminology we use is evolving. ✓ Often the anatomy of specific body parts suggests their function. ✓ You need to know where the muscle is and where it goes. ✓ Anatomy is a very broad field of study that includes a number of subdisciplines. It is commonly grouped under headings of microscopic anatomy, cytology (study of cells), histology (study of tissues, appreciating how cells form tissues), gross anatomy, developmental anatomy, embryology, regional anatomy (the way we view and teach anatomy), surface anatomy (used to determine patient symptoms) and systemic anatomy (anatomy of the whole body, The way anatomical structures relate to other anatomical structures in the body and how they are associated to them.) ✓ Specialised branches of anatomy include: Pathologic anatomy, radiographic anatomy, surgical anatomy. Physiology definition Physiology is the study of body structures. Structure and function cannot be completely separated. Special relationship exists between anatomy and physiology. Levels of Organisation General Overview of Body Systems Anatomical Terminology ✓ Anatomic position is a specific body position in which an individual stands upright with the feet parallel and flat on the floor. ✓ The head is level, and the eyes look forward toward the observer. ✓ The arms are at either side of the body with the palms facing forward and the thumbs pointing away from the body. ✓ is the transpyloric plane same as the subcoastal plane shown in the last slide? Body Regions • The human body is partitioned into two main regions, called the axial and appendicular regions: - The axial region includes the head, neck, neck, and trunk which comprise the main vertical axis of our body. - Our limbs, or appendages, attach to the body’s axis and make up the appendicular region. Body Cavities • • • • • Cranial cavity Vertebral cavity Thoracic cavity Abdominal cavity Pelvic Cavity Body Cavities and Membranes • • The median space in the thoracic cavity is called the mediastinum. It contains the heart, thymus, oesophagus, trachea, and major blood vessels that connect to the heart. Abdominopelvic Regions