University:
Western Sydney University
Course:
MEDI 2003 | Clinical Sciences 2
Academic year:

2024
Views:

430

Pages:

7
Author:

Mariam A. A.

Pectoral girdle Clavicle ● Long bone ● Only bone in the appendicular to articulate with the axial skeleton ● Horizontal bone (midline to halfway = convex, halfway and continuing = concave) ● S shaped ● Acrom end is flat ● Sternal end is rounded Scapula ● Spine on the posterior surface ● 3 fossa (above, below, anterior) Humerus Proximal epiphysis ● Called the head ● Medially facing ● Smooth because it is covered with hyaline cartilage Neck ● Anatomical neck → right below the head ● Surgical neck → narrowest part of the diaphysis and area where fractures normally occur Shaft Distal epiphysis ● Condyles → rounded protuberance at the end of some bones covered with cartilage ○ Capitulum ‘head’ because its rounded ○ Trochlea ‘wheel’ Bony markings ● Greater and lesser tubercles (lesser can only be seen anteriorly) ● Medial and lateral epicondyle ○ Parts on top of the condyles sticking out ○ You can feel it on the medial side but can’t feel it on the lateral side of the elbow ● Olecranon fossa ○ Depression on the distal epiphysis of the humerus ○ Seen on the proximal side Radius and ulna Radius Ulna Location - Lateral bone of the forearm - Medial bone of the forearm Proximal epiphysis - Head Round shaped to allow the radius to spin/rotate around a stationary ulna (palm up and palm down) - Olecranon (elbow) Trochlear notch (large depression of the ulna that fits the trochlea of the humerus) Neck YES NO Shaft YES YES Distal epiphysis - Articular surface Styloid process - Bony markings Hand - Radial tuberosity - Proximal - Medial facing - Seen on the anterior surface - Increases in size at the distal end where it attaches to the carpal bones at the wrist HEAD IS ON THE DISTAL END Articular surface Styloid process (knobbly bone on the medial side of the wrist) Carpals (8 bones) ● 2 rows of 4 short bones ● There's a proximal and distal row Metacarpals (5 long bones) ● Palm of the hand Phalanges ● 3 phalanges in each digit (proximal, middle, distal long bone) ● Thumb is digit 1, pinky is digit 5 Thumb ● There are sesamoid bones in the thumb to increase mechanical advantage ● Thumb only has 2 phalanges (distal and proximal)