University:
Western Sydney University
Course:
MEDI 2003 | Clinical Sciences 2
Academic year:

2024
Views:

111

Pages:

6
Author:

Mariam A. A.

Lung and Associated Structures Anatomy TRACHEA ● Trachea is continuous with the laryngeal cartilages (has to be inferior to it) ● Tube that goes from the larynx to the left and right bronchi ● Anterior part has C shaped hyaline cartilages (to keep the tubes from collapsing, we always need air) ● Posterior has a membranous wall that can accommodate for food passing through ● The esophagus sits behind the trachea ● The carina is the final cartilage before it splits into the primary bronchi ● The trachea divides into the left and right primary bronchi at the sternal angle (where the manubrium is) BRONCHI ● Primary bronchi (into the L and R pleural cavities) ● Lobar (secondary) bronchi → 3R and 2L ● Segmental (tertiary) bronchi → 10R and 8L ○ Areas in the lungs where that have their own tertiary bronchus, artery and vein, work independently ○ Can remove (certain amount of) diseased segments because they work individually ● Further branches into the bronchioles and alveoli BRONCHIOLES ● Grape like structures ● No hyaline cartilage (everywhere else has the hyaline cartilage) ● Where oxygen and carbon dioxide gas exchange occurs LUNGS ● In the pleural cavities on either side of the mediastinum ● The apex (superior) and base (inferior) ● Three surfaces ○ Costal (lateral) ○ Mediastinal (inside surface) ○ Diaphragmatic surface (base) - - On the costal surface, you can see the pink and black lines which shows where the ribs were in contact with the lungs External surface (costal surface) will be pink and black (inhaled carbon) and have indentations of the ribs Mediastinum in the middle This is the left lung - Anterior part of the lung is thin in comparison to the posterior part of the lung LOBES AND FISSURES Lobes ● 3 lobes on the right (superior, middle, inferior) ● 2 lobes on the left (superior, inferior) Fissures ● 2 on the right (oblique and horizontal) ○ Oblique divides the inferior and superior lobes ● 1 on the left (oblique) HILUM ● ● ● ● ● On the mediastinal surface Where the bronchi and pulmonary vessels get into the lungs Most posterior structure is bronchus Arteries are anterior to the bronchus Bronchus is superior to the veins ○ Blood comes out of the arteries first and then through the veins (explains their superior/inferior positions)