University:
Western Sydney University
Course:
MEDI 2003 | Clinical Sciences 2
Academic year:

2024
Views:

193

Pages:

7
Author:

Mariam A. A.

Surface anatomy ● ● Raised parts/ridge = gyrus Gaps = sulcus 1 Longitudinal - Mohawk Splits the L and R hemispheres Falx cerebri is the ridge that forms at the top of the brain (depression), mohawk that separates the left and right hemispheres 2 - Lateral - Separates the temporal lobe from the rest of the brain - Sits underneath the ear 3 - Transverse - Where the tentorium cerebelli sits - Separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum Central sulcus - Separates the central lobe from parietal lobe - Separates motor and sensory - Motor systems in front - Sensory systems behind Preoccipital notch - Behind it is the occipital lobe - Infront is temporal CEREBRUM (Lobes) Occipital lobe - 2 pathways ● Object (purple) what the object is → goes to temporal lobe, memory ● Spatial (blue) where it is → goes to the parietal, where you are in space (body awareness) and where the other objects are Lobes that are deep inside of the brain ● ● Limbic lobe (emotion) ○ Medial side of each hemisphere ○ No well defined boundaries ○ Role in emotional responses Not pictured but the insular lobe (taste) is also deep inside of the brain PRIMARY AREAS ● ● ● ● ● Blue, green and purple receive sensory input from the body Then goes to different pathways and areas to be processed Primary - first time that the information reaches the cortex/cerebrum at the top Red is the last place that the motor signals leave the brain from Leave the brain → spinal cord → muscles RED → primary motor cortex ● Sends signals out to the muscles below the head on contralateral body (one side of the brain to opposite side of the body) ● Topographically arranged ○ Lateral → medial: face → feet ○ Areas of the brain next to each other sends signals out to areas of the body that are next to each other BLUE → primary somatosensory cortex ● Receives input from somatosensory receptors all over contralateral body ● Detects touch, pressure, pain ● Topographically arranged ○ Lateral → medial: face → feet Homunculus ‘little man inside your head that operates you’ ● More receptors in the hands, lips and tongue (overrepresented) ● Things close together in the brain are located close together in the body Primary visual cortex ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Visuaotopically arranged (based on visual field rather than the arrangement of the body) Receives input from both eyes about contralateral visual hemifield (one half of the visual field) Left side of the visual field (look at the numbers) projects to the right hemisphere of the brain The small dot in the middle (what we're focused on) is overrepresented, very small area of visual space but occupies the biggest part of the visual cortex Primary auditory complex Receives input from both ears Tonotopically arranged (similar tones are grouped closer together) Higher pitch = closer to the base of the cochlea ASSOCIATION AREAS ● Receives input from primary areas ● Multisensory integration (bring lots of information together) ● Serial ○ Move through one level of the cortex to the next ○ Gradually process more and more information ○ Put the individual objects together to make an object/overall picture ● Parallel ○ ‘Where’ and ‘what’ pathways BRAIN AREAS - LANGUAGE AND INTERPRETATION Deep structures of the brain