Week 3: Formation of the Germ Layers and Neurulation | Western Sydney University - Edubirdie

University:
Western Sydney University
Course:
MEDI 2003 | Clinical Sciences 2
Academic year:

2024
Views:

100

Pages:

3
Author:

Mariam A. A.

Week 3 Formation of the germ layers and neurulation Gastrulation Primitive streak • • • Begins as a depression in epiblast – primitive pit in primitive node Depression starts at caudal end and moves towards cranial end Depression made up of epiblast cells moving in and down towards hypoblast Primitive streak • • • Epiblast cells replace hypoblast completely -> (definitive) endoderm Epiblast cells remaining “on top” -> ectoderm Epiblast cells between ectoderm and endoderm -> mesoderm Germ layer derivatives Neurulation • • • Begins in week 3 after gastrulation Tube-like structure – notochord – forms in mesoderm Notochord induces neural plate formation as thickening of overlying ectoderm • • • Neural groove forms base of neural tube Neural folds each side fold up and over -> primitive CNS End of Week 3 Key concepts in Week 3 • • Gastrulation begins with formation of primitive streak at caudal end of epiblast The primitive streak defines the body axes • • • • • Epiblast cells invaginate and form (definitive) endoderm and mesoderm layers Epiblast cells remaining in original outer layer are now called ectoderm The 3 germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm) define future derivatives Notochord (from mesoderm) forms and intercalates with endoderm Notochord repartitions from endoderm and induces overlying ectoderm to thicken and form neural tube => primitive CNS Clinical considerations • • Neural tube defects – from failure of various regions of the neural tube to fully close Risk factors – Folic acid (Vit B9) and Vit B12 deficiency, some anti-convulsant drugs, maternal obesity, genetics

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Week 3: Formation of the Germ Layers and Neurulation

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