University:
Western Sydney University
Course:
MEDI 2003 | Clinical Sciences 2
Academic year:

2024
Views:

87

Pages:

2
Author:

Mariam A. A.

Types of Non-Infectious Disease Genetics Genetic disorders are inherited diseases caused by genetic mutations passed down from parent(s) to offspring. Genetic diseases Table Example sickle-cell anaemia haemophilia Cause caused by a mutation in a gene that tells the body to make haemoglobin; blood cells become misshapen and break down; it is an autosomal recessive disorder; that is, both parents must carry the gene a sex-linked genetic disorder: the gene that controls blood clotting proteins occurs on the sex chromosomes Effect there are not enough healthy red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen, and this leads to fatigue, painful swelling in hands and feet, and frequent infections males with haemophilia do not have the genetic information for blood clotting Environmental ✓ Environmental exposure: exposure to a range of potential mutagens in the environment often created by humans; includes hydrocarbons, pesticides, certain foods, pollution and cigarette smoking ✓ Tobacco contains tar, benzopyrene, nitrosamine and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons which is carcinogenic. ✓ This is able they are able to mutate the DNA sequence in oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes, resulting concern. Environmental diseases Table Nutritional diseases ✓ Nutritional diseases: caused by the nutritional deficiency of an important compound, such as protein, vitamin or mineral and/or other undernutrition. ✓ Other causes include excess in diet along with other behaviour risk factors such as unhealthy eating, alcohol consumption, poor food choices, tobacco smoking and lack of physical exercise. ✓ BMI body mass index: BMI of 25-29 overweight, BMI of 30 or more obese Nutritional diseases Table Example vitamin K deficiency Cause lack of green leafy vegetables in the diet and therefore low levels of vitamin K night blindness vitamin A deficiency Effect vitamin K is critical for the formation of coagulation (clotting) factors and a deficiency may prevent blood from clotting, leading to serious blood loss vision problems as vitamin A is critical for the formation of photoreceptive tissue