University:
Western Sydney University
Course:
MEDI 2003 | Clinical Sciences 2
Academic year:

2024
Views:

356

Pages:

1
Author:

Mariam A. A.

Pandemic vs. Epidemic ✓ Epidemic: an outbreak or unusually high occurrence of a disease in a population or region ✓ Pandemic: an outbreak of a disease over a whole country or a global scale Vector to host transmission Example: Malaria Transmission 1. Plasmodium first infects Anopheles Mosquito by entering their stomach and transported to the blood and salivary glands. 2. The infected female mosquitoes bites a human to obtain blood necessary for their eggs to mature. During the bite, saliva containing the plasmodium pathogen is injected into the human’s blood. This pathogen is immature known as sporozoite which are carried to the liver whereby they produce merozoites. 3. The Plasmodium merozoites develops and reproduce inside the liver cells where the cells rupture due to amount of merozoites. These pathogens then migrate and invade other red blood cells via the blood. The same cycle occurs where the pathogen reproduces and rupture red blood cells. 4. Some of the pathogens reproduce sexually to produce male and female gametocytes which a second mosquito will uptake when the affected human is bit. 5. The second mosquito’s (vector) stomach produces the medium for the male and female gametocytes to come to form sporozoites. 6. The cycle repeats itself. Prevention Control ✓ Vector (Mosquito) ✓ Host and run educational control is the primary program to encourage people way of preventing at risk of contracting malaria malaria infection for (or pathogen) to take people at risk of prevention measures to not be infection. These vector infected with the disease (e.g., control techniques can getting bitten by mosquitoes). be in the form of installing insecticide coated mosquito nets and screens on windows & doors. ✓ Another preventive measure includes spraying insecticides in the homes of the people at risk (known as indoor residual spraying). ✓ Antimalarial drugs can also be used to prevent risk of being contracting the malaria disease.