University:
Western Sydney University
Course:
MEDI 2003 | Clinical Sciences 2
Academic year:

2024
Views:

301

Pages:

2
Author:

Mariam A. A.

Different modes of transmission of infectious disease and examples of the disease and examples of the disease transmitted Mode of transmission of Example of disease infectious disease Direct ✓ Ebola virus, the infection is transmitted by direct contact with the blood, body fluids and tissues of infected animals or humans ✓ When an infected person sneezes or coughs, water droplets containing the influenza type A virus is trapped which can be enter the mouth or be inhaled through the nose a healthy organism nearby. Indirect ✓ Cholera, caused by a bacterium, is transmitted through contaminated water ✓ The infected person’s hands can be contaminated with water droplets (containing the virus) during sneezing or coughing. The infected person then may touch an object (e.g., handrail). If a healthy, uninfected person touches the handrail at the same spot and places his or her hand on their nose or mouth (e.g., touching food and eating without washing hand) then the virus can also enter the respiratory tract. Vector Sleeping sickness is caused by Trypanosoma brucei, a protozoan, spread by the bite of an infected tsetse fly. Transmission of a disease during an epidemic ✓ An epidemic is a situation where there is a change in the disease intensity (or occurrence) in a host population across a period of time. Factors for a disease to occur: Pathogen -> susceptible host -> a favourable environment for pathogen to reproduce or replicate -> transmission between affected organism and unaffected organisms. ✓ An example of an epidemic is the Equine Influenza or Horse Flu outbreak that occurred in Australia in 2007 or corona virus in 2019. ✓ Pathogen causing the Equine Influenza: Equine Influenza Virus (a strain of Influenza Type A Virus) Transmission Prevention Control The virus can spread between ✓ The horses should be ✓ Affected horses should be horses via nasal discharges that vaccinated to kill and be isolated from unaffected are produced. protected from contracting horses to minimise the When infected horses the disease. Since viruses transmission of disease. cough, they secrete nasal mutate regularly, it is ✓ New horses should be discharges containing the virus important to keep the horses quarantined for 14 days which can be inhaled by up-to-update with their before grouping the new unaffected horses. vaccinations. horses with existing Farm equipment’s such ✓ Another preventive measure unaffected horses. as tack and water feeding includes avoiding sharing buckets contaminated by equipment (e.g., water affected horses can also carry buckets and grooming aids) and transfer virus can be between horses. This transferred between affected therefore hinders the mode of and unaffected horses. transmission for the virus Humans can also carry between affected and the virus on skin, hair, clothing, unaffected hosts. or shoes and transfer the virus to horses.