Neurocrine Regulation of Digestion - Edubirdie

University:
Western Sydney University
Course:
MEDI 2003 | Clinical Sciences 2
Academic year:

2024
Views:

491

Pages:

2
Author:

Mariam A. A.

Neurocrine regulation of digestion • Enteric nervous system (ENS) controls GI system o Capable of autonomous functions (coordination of reflexes), although receives considerable innervation from ANS and is therefore often considered a part of it o As many as 1 billion neurons in the brain and more neurons than the spinal cord Myenteric plexus (between longitudinal and circular layers) exerts control primarily over digestive tract motility o Submucosal plexus senses the environment within the lumen, regulates GI blood flow and controls epithelial cell function Enteric neurons (3) o Sensory neurons: receive information from the mucosa and muscle o Motor neurons: control GI motility and secretion o Interneurons: ascending and descending interneurons relay information along the myenteric plexus along the length of the GIT ▪ Able to store chemical signals e.g. from vagus, and pass signals to enteric motor neurons ▪ Important in reflexes, as a program library and in information processing o • • • Myenteric plexus lies between circular (peristalsis) and longitudinal (shortening and lengthening) layers of muscularis externa Clinician’s corner o Hirschsprung’s disease: distal colon is aganglionic → dysfunctional myenteric plexus → ballooning of the colon that creates a bowel obstruction ▪ Differential in infants that can’t pass bowels irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) o 10-20% population o 3 predominant forms: pain, constipation, diarrhoea o Alterations in signalling pathway in serotonin in patients with IBS o Drugs have been developed targeting the serotonergic pathways e.g. 5HT3 receptor antagonist Alosetron for IBS-induced diarrhoea (not approved in Aus), partial 5HT-4 receptor agonist Tegaserod (banned)

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