University:
Western Sydney University
Course:
MEDI 2003 | Clinical Sciences 2
Academic year:

2024
Views:

62

Pages:

2
Author:

Mariam A. A.

CHILD DEVELOPMENTAL THEORIES Developmental theories – how and why people change as they mature 1. Freud: Psychosexual Development o Tried to explain troubled adults o Basic sexual and aggressive instincts needed to be overcome in childhood Stage Age Main task Oral Infancy Feeding and weaning Anal Toddler Toilet training Phallic Preschool Gender identity Latent Primary school Sublimation: mature type of defence mechanism where socially unacceptable impulses are unconsciously transformed into acceptable actions/behaviour Genital Adolescence Sexual maturation 2. Erik Erikson: Psychosocial Theory (1959) o Lifelong development of identity through social relationships o Successful resolution of internal conflicts leads to psychological growth Stage Basic conflict Infancy Trust vs. mistrust Early childhood Autonomy vs. shame and doubt Preschool Initiative vs. guilt School age Industry vs. inferiority Adolescence Identity vs. role confusion Young adulthood Intimacy vs. isolation Middle adulthood Generativity vs. stagnation Maturity Ego integrity vs. despair 3. Piaget: Cognitive Development o The way children learn changes with maturity o Understanding increases through assimilation (evolution) or accommodation (revolution) Stage Age Cognition Sensorimotor Infancy and toddlerhood Sensory experiences and object manipulation Preoperational Pre-schooler (2-7) Pretend and symbolic play, struggle with logic and taking the point of view of other people Concrete operational Primary school (711) Simple logic: able to generalise (see rules) but not hypothesise (predict outcomes using rules) Formal operational Adolescence Abstract reasoning