Infectious Disease And Immunology Multiple Choice Question

INFECTIOUS DISEASE AND IMMUNOLOGY MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION’S PART 1 STUDY GUIDE 1. Which of the following is CORRECT with regards to interferons? A. Enzymes that are bacterial specific and are produced in response to a bacterial infection. Their role is disturbed bacterial growth. B. Enzymes that are cell specific, without any viral specificity that are responsible for disturbing various stages within viral replication. C. They involve tissue necrosis factor alpha. D. Are released in response to a bacterial infection, in order to stimulate the release of tissue necrosis factor alpha. E. Are able to produce an effect on already infected cells. Answer: B 2. Biofilms: A. Provides a pathway for immune cells and antibiotics to pass through and prevent colonisation from taking place. B. A polysaccharide layer that prevents bacteria from communicating together C. A slide that is placed under a microscope that allows viewing of the bacteria. D. A polysaccharide layers that facilitates colonisation by allowing bacteria to adhere and communicate with each other. E. None of the above are correct. Answer: D 3. Which of the following is FALSE with regards to the process of Streptococcus pyogenes: A. The Protein M on Streptococcus allows the bacteria to bind to the surface of the host cell and enter inside it. B. The protein M on Streptococcus allows the bacteria to bind on the surface of the host cell. C. The release of hyaluronidase destroys hyaluronic acid. D. Hyaluronidase impairs the tight linkages between connective tissues and blood vessels. Answer: A 4. In adaptive immunity, which IL type stimulates the differentiation of B cells into plasma Bcells? A. IL-5 B. IL-21 C. IL-4 D. All IL types are able to do so. Answer: C 5. Lymph nodes have germinal centres. What are these germinal centres? A. A place full of germs and pathogens B. A site that contains many B cells C. An essential site for growth of macrophages and neutrophils D. Germinal centres is where innate immunity takes place. Answer: B 6. Rheumatic fever is long term complication that can be caused by which of the following pathogens: A. B. C. D. E. S. pyogenes. S. pneumoniae. Enterococcus. Neisseria. N. gonorrhoea. Answer: A 7. Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of C. Tetani? A. It acts via binding on the motor nerve endings which stimulates excess neurotransmitter release causing hyper-reflexia. B. It acts via binding on the motor nerve endings which stimulates neurotransmitter release causing hypo-reflexia. C. It acts via binding on the motor nerve endings which inhibits neurotransmitter release causing hyper-reflexia. D. It acts via binding on the motor nerve endings which inhibits neurotransmitter release causing hypo-reflexia. Answer: C 8. Enterotoxigenic E. Coli work by causing: A. B. C. D. Excess fluid secretion and loss and thus cause diarrhoea. Cell and epithelium invasion causing inflammation and this colitis symptoms. Haemorrhagic syndrome and kidney disease features. Wasting form of infantile diarrhoea. Answer: A 9. Which of the following is NOT a feature of healing by primary intention? A. Small, clean and uninfected wound B. In Day 3 macrophages replace neutrophils which contributes to a granulation appearance C. There is increased mitosis at the level of the basal cells. D. Edges are close together. E. There are increased levels of angiogenesis, contributing to increased number of blood vessel formation. Answer: E 10. All of the following staphylococcus species are coagulase negative EXCEPT: A. B. C. D. E. S. aureus S. epidermis S. capitis S. hommis S. saprophyticus. Answer: A 11. Which of the following bacterial enzymes forms blood clots that protect bacteria from phagocytes A. B. C. D. Kinases Coagulases Leucocidins Hyaluronidases Answer: B 12. How do bacterial capsules increase virulence? A. B. C. D. Resist phagocytosis Resist complement activation Prevent phagocytes from binding to bacteria. All of the above Answer: D 13. All of the following are cells of the innate immunity EXCEPT: A. T helper cells B. Macrophages C. Neutrophils D. Natural Killer Cells Answer: A 14. The primary role of histamine is to: A. B. C. D. Stimulate fever. Increase pressure and compress neurons to cause pain. Increase vascular permeability. Give rise to V-cams and me-cams. Answer: C 15. Which of the following virulence factors involves the destruction of hyaluronic acid? A. B. C. D. E. DNase Lipase Streptokinase Penicillin Hyaluronidase Answer: E 16. One of the toxins made by S. aureus is exfoliative toxin. Which of the following statements is CORRECT about how this toxin works? A. It causes damage to desmoglein-1 which is found between keratinocytes. This will cause blistering of this skin. B. It causes damage to desmoglein-2 which is found between keratinocytes. This will cause blistering of this skin. C. It causes damage to desmoglein-3 which is found between keratinocytes. This will cause blistering of this skin. D. It causes damage to desmoglein-4 which is found between keratinocytes. This will cause blistering of this skin. Answer: A 17. Bacillus anthracis is a positive gram spore forming bacteria. It causes anthrax. In which organ system is anthrax most severe? A. B. C. D. The integumentary Pulmonary system Cardiovascular Gastrointestinal Answer: B 18. Listeria monocytogenes is most likely to be found in: A. B. C. D. Bread Not well-cooked chicken Refrigerated cheese. Milk that has been sitting on the kitchen countertop. Answer: C 19. B-cams contribute to following processes: A. B. C. D. Margination Vasodilation Increasing body temperature Diapedesis Answer: D 20. Tocilizumab inhibits: A. B. C. D. Il-1 Il-6 Il-17 TNF-alpha Answer: B