Neurology Week 4 Mcq Questions

NEUROLOGY WEEK 4 MCQ STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS Answer: D 61. In the phototransduction pathway: A. Light rays stimulate 11 cis which then activates all trans and then breaks transducing which prevents PDE from breaking cGMP. B. When cGMP is broken, this allows the influx on the Ca2+ and Na+ into rods and cones. C. Bipolar cells are activated from the little glutamate release from rods, while the increased glutamate release from bipolar cells activates ganglion cells. D. The decreased glutamate from the rods activates bipolar cells because it inhibits the entry of negative ions. E. Amacrine cells release glycine and GABA to activate ganglion cells of the retina. Answer: C 62. With regards to the differences between cones and rods: A. Rods are better than cones at detecting colour vision as well as for bright vision. B. Cones are better than rods at detecting different wavelengths of visible light. C. Cones are not as good as rods in detecting edges in vision. D. Rods are not as good as cones at night vision. E. None of the above are correct. Answer: B 63. The eyes have parasympathetic supply. Which of the following is NOT correct? A. The post-tectal nucleus of which each provides a unilateral supply to the ipsilateral edingo west fall nucleus which gives pre-ganglionic fibres that synapse at the ciliary ganglion with the post-ganglionic fibres, as they then go to supply the ciliary muscle. B. The parasympathetic fibres cause contraction of the ciliary muscle which then loosen the zonules. This allows the pupil to bulge and thus decrease the focal length. C. The post ganglionic sympathetic fibres after synapsing at the superior cervical ganglion wrap around the internal carotid artery forming the carotid plexus, and then give fibres to supply the ciliary muscle. D. The sympathetic supply of the eye causes the ciliary muscle to relax, and this cause the ligaments to pull tight, which in turn causes the iris muscle to pull outwards and thus cause the pupil to dilate which all divergent light to come in. Answer: A 64. The oculomotor nerve pathway involves: A. Passes through the foramen lacerum and then gives superior and inferior branches, of which the superior branch supplies the Levator palpebrae superioris. B. The oculomotor nerve is a general visceral efferent and along its’ course it runs with the general somatic nerve which has a role in pupil constriction and ciliary dilation. C. The inferior branch of the oculomotor nerve as it passes through the annulus of zin supplies the inferior rectus muscle. D. The Levator palpebrae superioris is supplied by the superior branch of the oculomotor nerve, elevates the eyeball. Answer: C 65. With regards to the nerves the supply the eyes, which of the following statements is CORRECT? A. The nucleus of the oculomotor nerve originates at the level of the superior colliculus, while the nucleus of the trigeminal nerve originates at the level of the inferior colliculus. Their close locations of these nuclei allow both colliculi to move the eyes in response to visual stimuli. B. Both the oculomotor and trochlear nerve pass through the cavernous sinuous before passing through the superior orbital fissure. Both the of these nerves go on to supply the superior rectus which cause it to elevate the eyeball as well as internally rotate the eye. C. In causes of trochlear nerve palsy instead of the eye axis rotating towards the temporal side they instead rotate to the nasal side. This causes the patient to turn their head towards the side of the unaffected eye to prevent diplopia. D. The oculomotor nerve passes anterior to the posterior cerebral artery and posterior to the anterior cerebral artery, while the trochlea nerve passes posterior to the posterior cerebral artery and anterior to the anterior cerebral artery. E. In oculomotor nerve palsy supply to the lateral rectus muscle is impaired and thus this muscle cannot laterally move the eye, so the eyeball at rest, will naturally medially shift. Answer: C 66. Which of the following statements is FALSE about the cranial nerves controlling the eyes? A. The oculomotor, trigeminal and abducens nerve all pass-through cavernous sinus and then pass through the superior orbital fissure. B. The superior, median, lateral and inferior rectus muscle are all receive dual innervation by the trigeminal and abducens nerve. C. The optic nerve transmits information from the outside world into the cortex and the oculomotor, trigeminal and abducens nerve produce innervations to eye muscles in response to the information transmitted to the occipital lobe. D. A and B Answer: B 67. When the stapes beat against the oval window: A. It converts fluid vibrations into mechanical vibrations which cause induline to rush between the tectorial membrane and the hair cells, causing the hair cells to shear against the hair cells. B. After induline comes in the stereocilia beat towards the kinocilia, causing the tap-links to loosen and stimulate the opening of cations into the cells. C. The tectorial membrane beats against the reticular lamina pulling it down causing the opening of cation channels on stereocilia. D. None of the above Answer: B 68. Which of the following is the FLASE statement about the cochlea and spiral organ of corti? A. The oval window is located o the tunnel of corti, and the scapes beat against it. B. When the vibrations are transmitted to the basilar membrane the base of the membrane has the highest frequency waves. C. The basilar membrane is made out of short and stiff fibres are stimulated by the highest frequency of waves. D. The stereocilia as they beat towards the kinocilia they move as one ridged unit. E. In the apex of the basilar membrane the low elasticity causes a high amount of bending. Answer: E 69. In response to loud sounds: A. The high amplitude of sounds activates the olivocochlear bundle which will send action potentials to inhibit the pristine molecules and also cause the release of Ach causing hyperpolarisation of the stereocilia. B. The high amplitude of the sounds will activate the pristine molecules causing them to change and contract, thus causing them to ignore the loud sounds and the release of Ach from the olivocochlear bundle releases Ach which causes hyperpolarisation via causing Na+ and Ca2+. C. In response to high amplitude sounds a cascade will cause the inhibition of pristine that pull the basilar membrane upwards to stop vibrating and thus this will act as a protective mechanism. D. In response to high amplitude sounds more parts of the basilar membrane will vibrate and therefore more action potentials will be inhibited at the peripheral process of sound stimulation. E. All of the above Answer: A 70. The function of the vestibule involves: A. The hair cells on the macula of the utricle respond to forward acceleration. B. The hair cells on the macula of the saccule respond to vertical acceleration. C. The otoconia found within the otolytic membrane shift along in response to horizontal or vertical acceleration. D. Not all the stereocilia are moving, and this depends upon the direction of which the stereocilia is moving, despite all the stereocilia beating towards the kinocilium. E. All of the above Answer: E 71. In the auditory pathway: A. The vestibulocochlear nerve passes through the internal acoustic meatus while traveling with the fascial nerve and then travel through the medullary pedicles they supply the dorsal and ventral cochlear nuclei. B. Th dorsal cochlear nuclei are composed of satellite and principal cells which give up axons knowns as dorsal acoustic stria. These axons then travel ipsilaterally to supply the nucleus of lateral lemniscus which will then given of axons to supply to contralateral inferior colliculi. C. The reticular formation gives of fibres to supply the nucleus of the trigeminal nerve which gives of branches to contract the tensor tympani causing it pull on the malus to cause the tympanic membrane to tighten and become less sensitive to sound. D. The reticular formation gives of fibres to supply the nucleus of the fascial nerve to supply the stapedius muscle causing it to pull on the stapedius to allow increased tapping on the oval window and thus increased hair cell stimulation. E. The vast majority of the fibres from the posterior and anterior ventral cochlea nucleus synapse at the lateral lemniscus nuclei. Answer: C 72. Which of the following statements is FALSE about the superior olivary nucleus? A. Sound focused on the right ear reaches the right superior olivary nucleus before the left superior olivary nucleus. B. The superior olivary nucleus gives of cholinergic fibres to supply hair cells within the year. C. The medial geniculate nucleus gives to auditory radiations to the temporal lobe of the brain, when are then procced within the auditory cortex. D. The nucleus of the lateral lemniscus communicates with the inferior colliculi via the medial lemniscus tract. Answer: D 73. Which of the following is FALSE about the lacrimal glands? A. It is located near the temporal side. B. Through the lacrimal ducts fluid will move across the cornea and other parts of the eye laterally C. The lacrimal puncta are located near the lateral commissure of the eye. D. the lacrimal calculi drain into the lacrimal sac and the into the nasal lacrimal duct. Answer: C 74. The course of the olfactory nerve does not include: A. The olfactory nerve begins from the olfactory bulb and exists the brainstem at the conform plate of the ethmoid bone. B. As the bipolar olfactory neurons merge to from the olfactory nerve and then exist as the olfactory nerve then they go on to synapse with mitral cells. C. The bipolar olfactory neurons transmit the door particles to the mucus made by the Bolman’s gland. D. All of the above Answer: C 75. The carotid plexus gives rise to branches that give sympathetic supply to the eye. What do they do the pupil? A. The iris muscle will pull outwards to dilate the pupil. B. The iris muscles will pull inwards to constrict the pupil. C. The ciliary muscle constricts to allow the pupil to bulge. D. The ciliary muscle relaxes to allow the pupil to get flat. E. B and D Answer: E 76. The transmission of pain and temperature sensations from the soft plate: A. Taken to the spinal nucleus of fascial nerve. B. Carried by general visceral afferents. C. Go through the foramen lacerum. D. Synapse at the plygopalatine ganglion. E. The trigeminal ganglion is located within the CNS. Answer: B 77. The trigeminal nucleus has three branches of which each exists at a different point within the brainstem. Which of the following is correct about the exist points? A. The maxillary branch exists the brainstem at the foramen rotundum. B. The mandibular branch exists the brainstem at the foramen labrum. C. The ophthalmic branch exists at the internal jugular foramen. D. A and C E. All of the above. Answer: A 72. auditory hallucinations are associated with: A. Loss of white matter B. Loss of grey matter C. An equal loss of white and grey matter D. A mix of white and grey matter loss, but the loss of grey matter is greater. E. Mix of grey and white matter loss, but the loss of white matter is greater. Answer: B 73. motion blindness is a defect in which visual area? A. V1 B. V2 C. V3 D. V4 E. V5 Answer: E 74. which of the following is true about meningiomas? A. Is occurs in the pita layer of the magnesium. B. It has a slow growth rate. C. Resection is always sufficient. D. Grade one has a 50% chance of re-occurring. Answer: B 78. Neuroblastomas are most common in: A. Children B. Elderly C. Middle aged adults D. Pregnant women Answer: A 79. Which of the following is TRUE about neurofibromatosis? A. In type 2 there is café et lait spots. B. The lisch modules on the iris do not cause vision impairments. C. Cognitive impairments are present in both NF-1 and NF-2. D. NF-1 mutations are on chromosome 22 and NF-2 mutations are on chromosome 17. E. NF-1 mutations cause acoustic impairments and meningiomas. Answer: B 80. Mira is a 38-year-old patient, who has an aneurism in the internal carotid artery. Which vision problem is she at most risk of? A. Bitemporal hemianopia. B. Binasal hemianopia C. Left homonymous hemianopia. D. Right homonymous hemianopia. E. Left homonymous hemianopia with the macular spared.