Immunology And Infectious Disease Mcq Week 2 Study Guide Questions

IMMUNOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE MCQ WEEK 2 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS 1. Following Post-MI there is some degree of inflammation. Which of the following immune modulating medications may be useful? A. B. C. D. E. Anakinra Secukinumab Azathioprine Mycophenolate Cyclophosphane Answer: A 2. In acute inflammation, which cytokine do macrophages release to stimulate a rise in body temperature? A. B. C. D. Tissue necrosis factor alpha Interferon alpha IL-8 IL-2 Answer: A 3. In innate immunity if the bacteria are too hard for the lysosomes to break, what alternate process do immune cells attempt? A. B. C. D. Presentation to CD8+ cells Presentation to B plasma cells Production of oxygen free radicals All of the above Answer: C 4. Which of the following pathogens is most likely to cause whooping cough? A. B. C. D. Legionella Pneumophilia. Bordetella Pertussis. Corynebacterium Diphtheriae. Bacillus Anthracis. Answer: B 5. All of the following are characteristics of Corynebacterium diphtheria EXCEPT: A. B. C. D. It is a regular shaped gram-positive forming rod. Most cases happen in non-immunised people. May be acquired from respiratory droplets from carriers or infected people. Potential for diphtheria is always present, as healthy individuals may be carriers. Answer: A 6. All of the following have MHCII except: A. B. C. D. E. Dendric cells Macrophages Monocytes B lymphocytes None of the above Answer: E 7. The first virus to be eliminated by vaccines is: A. B. C. D. E. Pox virus Smallpox Hep B Mumps Adenovirus Answer: B 8. The risk of MROs can be attributed to exposure to certain types of antibiotics. These include all of the following EXCEPT: A. B. C. D. Macrolides. Vancomycin. Quinolones. 3rd gen cephalosporins. Answer: A 9. Which virus has a high specificity for the cytoplasm for epidermal and subcutaneous tissue? A. B. C. D. E. Poxvirus Smallpox Hep A Hep B Adenovirus Answer: A 10. DNA and RNA synthesis inhibitors are a type of antibiotics that can be used to treat bacterial infections. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? A. Nitrofurantoin when enters the bacterial cell binds to nitrofine reductase which will convert in into a vert reactive intermediate that will inhibit DNA, RNA synthesis and cause protein damage. B. Rifampicin works by inhibiting RNA polymerase, which will inhibit transcription and thus prevent the bacteria from synthesizing proteins. C. Daptomycin works by creating pores in the bacteria that will cause ion influx and efflux, that will cause a slow depolarisation of the membrane, until it becomes positively changed, and inhibit DNA, RNA and protein synthesis. D. Metronidazole is converted by nitro reductase into very active metabolites that disrupt the normal and helical stricture of the DNA, which will prevent the bacterial cell from replicating and making functional proteins. E. Fluoroquinolone works by causing DNA fragmentation, which will act as a bactericidal drug. Answer: C, this is because the depolarization, that happens is usually very quick. Otherwise, the rest of the description given is correct. 11. Flora has been infected with COVID-19 for 10 days. Which of the following immune pathways is most likely acting to fight of COVID-19? A. B. C. D. Intercellular Immunity Humeral Immunity Non-specific immune response A combination A and B Answer: D 12. When inflammatory meditators such as prostaglandins, leukotrienes and LPOs stimulate the formation and activity of Weibel Palade granules in induces the formation of which structures? A. B. C. D. E. P selectins. E selectins. P CAMs. I CAMs. C CAMs. Answer: A 13. What is the purpose of DNA recombination? A. It allows the distinction between MHC I and MHC II. B. It is responsible for preventing the formation of MHC I on all nucleated cells. C. It allows the formation of different forms of MHC I receptors on APCs that are specific to different types of antigens. D. It allows the formation of different forms of MHC II receptors on APCs that are specific to different types of antigens. Answer: D 14. The microphage can bind to which complement protein. A. B. C. D. C3a C3b C51a C5b Answer: B 15. The side effects of COVID-19 do NOT include: A. B. C. D. Generation of anti-platelet 4 antibodies. Generation of thrombocytopenia that is like the one that warfarin induces. Generation of thrombocytopenia that is like the one that heparin induces. Dyspnoea and a temperature of over 39. Answer: B 16. The covid vaccine that increases the risk of cerebral venous, pulmonary, splanchnic and portal emboli is: A. B. C. D. P-Fizer. AstraZeneca Moderna P-Fizer booster shot. Answer: B 17. In the complementary pathway: A. From C5b until C9 there is a formation of pentameric protein that when binds to bacteria it goes the entry of water and this causing lysis. B. When C3 convertase and C5 convertase pop C3a and C5a out, these act as chemotactic agents to enhance inflammation. C. C3b also has acts as an opsonin that binds to C3b receptor on macrophages to enhance inflammation. D. A and B only E. A, B and C Answer: E 18. Leukocyte casts are a specific manifestation to: A. B. C. D. Upper UTI Lower UTI Equally in both upper and lower UTI None of the above Answer: A Answer the next wo questions based on Lara. 19. Lara is a 31-year-old female. Three weeks ago, she came to your clinic complaining of flank pain and fever. On investigations three weeks ago, you found out that she has leukocyte casts in her urine and on blood culture where positive for both Klebsiella and staphylococcus saprophyticus. You started her on a course of antibiotics. Lara tells you that despite the fact she has been adherent to them symptoms have not improved, and here fever has been getting worse. You suspect that she has a complicated pyelonephritis. You review her medical history, and she has no history of any other disease. Which of the following complications she most likely to have? A. B. C. D. Emphysematous pyelonephritis. Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. Intraparenchymal abscess pyelonephritis. Papillary necrosis pyelonephritis. Answer: C Explanation: • • • • This is not true as this is associated with gas secretions in those who have poorly controlled diabetes. Lara has no history of any other disease. This is not true for Lara as this would involve an obstruction, and Lara has no kidney stone reported. This is true for Lara, as it is hinted by the fact antibiotics did not help improve her conditions and the fact that her fever is persistent and has gotten even worse. This is not true for Lara, as she has no history of kidney stones, stickle cell anaemia or analgesic nephropathy. 20. How does vibrio cholera cause diarrhoea? A. Increases Na+ secretion into the lumen which causes water to follow as a result, causing diarrhoea. B. Increases glucose secretion into the lumen. Since glucose is osmotically active it will pull water with it, resulting in diarrhoea. C. Increase Cl- secretion into the lumen which will pull water with it and thus stimulate the formation of diarrhoea by pulling water with it. D. All of the above work together to cause diarrhoea.