University:
Western Sydney University
Course:
MEDI 2003 | Clinical Sciences 2
Academic year:

2024
Views:

371

Pages:

2
Author:

Mariam A. A.

GIT WEEK 7 SAQ STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS 1. Giardiasis is a type of pathogen that has detrimental effects especially in children. (5 marks) A. What type of pathogen is it? (0.5 marks) B. Describe its’ consequences (2 marks) C. Would you use antibiotics? Why? (0. 5 marks) D. Distinguish between secretory and osmotic diarrhoea? What would you expect to see in this case? (2 marks) Answer: a. Parasite b. It destroys the microvilli -> this decrease macronutrient/micronutrient absorption as the surface area for absorption becomes reduced. This causes malnutrition, weight loss diarrhoea and even failure to thrive in children c. No, because antibiotics are only for bacterial pathogens d. Osmotic diarrohea is when we have unabsorbed solutes or increased ion secretion, secretory diahhora is when water absorption is less than water secretion. I would expect to see osmotic diahhora, because this deals with the microvilli which are only found in the small intestine, which is where macronutrient and many micronutrient are absorbed. Whereas, the colon is mainly involved with water reabsorption and has no villi let alone micro-villi 2. Answer the following questions on alcohol a. Name FOUR reactions that may be involved in phase 1 metabolism of alcohol and FOUR other reactions that may be involved in phase 2 metabolism of alcohol (4 marks) b. Name the most common enzyme involved in alcohol metabolism and what percentage of drugs are metabolised by it? (1 mark) c. How may alcohol cause encephalopathy (2 marks) Answer: a. Phase 1 • • • • Hydrolysis Oxidation Reduction Acetylation Phase II • • • Sulfation Amino acid conjugation Gluconication • Gluthonication b. CYP 450 2E1, it metabolises 25% of drugs c. This because alcohol makes the liver inflamed and fibrotic which means there is hepatocyte death. This means the conversion of NH3 into urea which is the less toxic form. The liver will also become less able to metabolise other toxic products. This will lead to toxin build up, which can cross the blood brain barrier and cause brain damage leading to hepatic encephalopathy. 3. Answer the following questions about folate: a. Describe the metabolism of foliate b. Name THREE different food sources for it c. Why is folate important a. It’s absorption and secretions happens in the jejunum. It gets into the body in the polyglutamate form. It is acted upon my polyglutamase which converts it into monoglutamate -> this allows it to be absorbed into the enterocyte. In the enterocyte it gets acted upon by tetrahydrofolic reductase which converts it into tetradropholi folic acid. It then undergoes methylation where a methyl-THF reductase acts on it turning it into methyl-THF and this is then secretcted out of the jejunum into the blood stream and then into the liver. b. Cabbage, spinach and broccoli c. It helps with condensing red blood cells, so that they do not become too large and easily destroyed and get microplastic anaemia