Neurology Week 1 Mcq Questions

NEUROLOGY WEEK 1 MCQ QUESTIONS 1. Which of the following contains the resting membrane potential? A. 30 mV B. -65 mV C. -70 mV D. 90 mV Answer: B 2. Which of the following best describes the Na/K+ pump? A. It does not require ATP. B. It requires ATP, allows 3Na+ to enter the cell and 2K+ to exit. C. It requires ATP, allows 3Na+ to leave the cell and 2K+ to enter the cell. D. It involves 1 Na+ exiting and K+ entering. Answer: C 3. Which of the following is TRUE with regards to neurons? A. Nociceptive neurons are much faster than proprioceptive neurons, as they are myelinated and have larger axon diameters. B. Proprioceptive neurons are responsible for temperature and pain sensations and are very fast. C. A Nociceptive neuron with a larger diameter is slower than a proprioceptive neuron with the same diameter. D. Nociceptive neurons are unmyelinated, thus have a slower conduction rate than proprioceptive neurons. Answer: D 4. Within the neuromuscular junction, there is a region called the synaptic region. Which of the following is true with regards to the synaptic region? A. The region between the presynaptic and postsynaptic regions. Ach is released from the preganglionic into the synaptic region, where it then binds to nicotinic receptors stimulating their closure. B. The region between the presynaptic and postsynaptic regions. Ach is released from the preganglionic into the synaptic region, where it then binds to nicotinic receptors stimulating their opening. C. Na+ are released into the synaptic region after nicotinic receptor stimulation. Therefore, this increases the concentration of Na+ within the synaptic region. D. The synaptic region has a high concentration of Ca2+. These decrease when the neuromuscular junction is stimulated. Answer: B 5. With regards to the neuromuscular junction, which of the following is correct? A. Snare proteins help link up ACH vesicles within the membrane, causing exocytosis of Ach into the synaptic region. B. ACH vesicles are made within the Golgi body of the grey horn on the spinal cord. C. The efflux of k+ of the preganglionic causes the membrane potential to decrease to 40mV. D. Adequate levels of Ca2+ are required to allow the synthesis of Ach. Answer: A 6. Sally was cooking dinner. Accidently, she touches the top of the stove, which is really hot. Without, even thinking about it, her hand is lifted of the stove. Which of the following explains the mechanism behind the hand lifting? A. Nociceptive neurons detect the extremely hot temperature, transmit the information from the periphery into the spinal cord, via carrying the signal through the dorsal root into the spinal cord for processing. B. Nociceptive neurons detect the very hot temperature, transmit the information from the periphery into the spinal cord, via carrying the signal through the ventral root into the spinal cord for processing. C. Proprioceptive neurons detect the very hot temperature, transmit the information from the periphery into the spinal cord, via carrying the signal through the dorsal root into the spinal cord for processing. D. Proprioceptive neurons detect the very hot temperature, transmit the information from the periphery into the spinal cord, via carrying the signal through the ventral root into the spinal cord for processing. Answer: A 7. Where in the brain are signals that control motor execution generated? A. B. C. D. E. Secondary motor cortex Primary motor cortex (M1) Anterior hypothalamus Posterior hypothalamus Brainstem Answer: B 8. The roles of the ventral and lateral tract are: A. The ventral tract innervates the proximal muscles and the lateral tract innervate the distal muscles. B. The ventral tract is responsible for innervating the secondary motor cortex to plan a motor action and the lateral tract’s main role is transmit that command to the primary motor cortex to innervate body organs. C. Both the ventral and lateral tract work together to innervate the proximal muscles of the upper limb D. The ventral tract is used to send signals to the brain and the lateral tract is used to transmit the commands from the secondary motor cortex to the muscles. Answer: A 9. You are a medical student as Rosewood hospital in the neurology department. You re observing a consultation with patient who experienced a recent spinal cord injury. You soon learn that the patient is able to respond to light touch, vibration, and position sensation, but cannot respond to temperature and pain sensations. Which of the following is the explanation of this presentation? A. It is most probable that the patient has complete spinal cord injury at the spinal level that is responsible for detecting pain and temperature. B. The patient is suffering from autonomic dysreflexia, where he is experiencing an uncontrolled parasympathetic effect above the lesion and unopposed sympathetic effects below the level of lesion. As a result, this has led to disturbances in temperature and pain sensations. C. The patient has incomplete spinal cord injury, where he is experiencing a dissociated sensory loss. D. The patient has a brain tumour at the area of the brain responsible for temperature and pain processing. Answer: C 10. Alpha motor neuron: A. Have the smallest diameter and fastest conducting velocity. B. Have the largest diameter, fastest conducting velocity and are also responsible for innervating skeletal muscles. C. Have the largest diameter and largest conduction velocity and are responsible for innervating muscle fibres. D. Have a large diameter and a very fast conduction velocity and have the ability to innervate both extrafusal and intrafusal fibres. 11. What neurotransmitter does the sympathetic preganglionic nerve release? A. B. C. D. GABA Ach Norepinephrine Epinephrine Answer: B 12. Which of the following is CORRECT with regards to the parasympathetic system? A. Increases heart rate, causes bladder contractions, and stimulates digestion. B. The preganglionic neuron is longer than the postganglionic neuron. C. It consists of cranial nerves III, VII, IX and X which are located in the white matter of the brain. D. Epinephrine is the neurotransmitter at the preganglionic and Ach is the neurotransmitter at the postganglionic Answer: B 13. The roles of the sympathetic nervous system include all of the following EXCEPT: A. Increasing heart rate via causing increased depolarisation at the SA and AV nodes B. Causing vasoconstriction of the kidney ureter thus decreasing blood flow to the kidney, thus minimising water loss C. Decreasing peristalsis at the ascending colon D. Increasing respiratory rate via increasing the diameter of the bronchus and causing vasodilation of the blood vessels within the smooth muscles of the air ways Answer: D 14. Which of the following options contains ALL the CORRECT origins of the parasympathetic system nerves? A. Dorsal nucleus: III, Inferior salvatory nucleus: X, superior salvatory nucleus: VII and Edinger-Westphal nucleus: IX B. Dorsal nucleus: X, Inferior salvatory nucleus: VII, superior salvatory nucleus: III and Edinger-Westphal nucleus: IX C. Dorsal nucleus: X, Inferior salvatory nucleus: IX, superior salvatory nucleus: VII and Edinger-Westphal nucleus: III D. Dorsal nucleus: IX, Inferior salvatory nucleus: III, superior salvatory nucleus: VII and Edinger-Westphal nucleus: X Answer: C 15. Adam has injury in his cranial nerve IX. Which of the following complications is he likely to experience? A. He will have trouble with pupil constriction, which means that his near vision will be heavily reduced. B. He will have reduced pancreatic function, causing the pancreatic beta cells to reduce less insulin. C. His parotid salivary glands will have an impaired function, causing decreased salivary secretions. D. He will have reduced tear production as the lacrimal gland will be getting reduced innervation, by the nerve it gets innervated by Answer: C 16. All of the following are innervated by the left vagal nerve EXCEPT: A. B. C. D. Heart Gallbladder Stomach Liver Answer: A 17. Which of the following is FALSE with regards to hormones? A. Hormones can act on distant sites. B. Hormones can exist in both soluble and non-soluble forms, and this affects the form in which they can be carried. C. Steroid hormones such as cortisol are derived from cholesterol. D. Hormones can only be derived from cholesterol or lipids but cannot be made out of amino acids. E. The stimuli for hormone synthesis and release can be chemical or neural. Answer: D 18. Which of the following is CORRECT with regards to the corticospinal tract? A. It is system of ascending signals to the brain, were information with regards to temperature, pain and crude touch ascends to the appropriate somatosensory cortex. B. Information is conveyed from the large V pyramidalis to the medulla via the lower motor neurons. C. Information is conveyed from the secondary motor cortex to the primary motor cortex via the upper motor neuron. D. When the signal reaches the medulla, it lands on the pyramidal decussation and then it crosses over to the counter lateral side. Answer: D 19. Which of the following is TURE with regards to the ganglionic chain? A. The white rami communicant is made out of myelinated neurons and the grey rami communicant is made out of unmyelinated neurons. B. The grey rami communicant is made out of myelinated neurons and the white rami communicant is made out of unmyelinated neurons. C. Both the grey and white rami communicants are made out of myelinated neurons D. Both the grey and white rami communicants are made out of unmyelinated neurons Answer: A 20. Layla has a rare condition where her neurons originating from T5 – T9, cannot respond to any stimuli. Which of the following functions is most likely to be impaired? A. B. C. D. Pupil dilation Bronchodilation thus affecting breathing rate. Glycolysis within the liver, thus impacting the energy levels. Hear rate. Answer: C