University:
Western Sydney University
Course:
MEDI 2003 | Clinical Sciences 2
Academic year:

2024
Views:

255

Pages:

3
Author:

Mariam A. A.

GIT WEEK 6 SAQ STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS 1. Describe FOUR things can be seen in germ free raised mice. Answer: • • • • Under developed intestines Vitamin deficiency, such as vitamin K Decreased absorption and digestion Decreased immunity 2. If a baby has very low gut microbiota, explain one implication of this. (2 mark) Answer: • • Increases susceptibility to allergy as the body is has weak immunity therefore, it won’t be able to recognise what is harmful and what is not This leads to increases unnecessary allergies such as eczema 3. Answer the following questions about pathogens. ( marks) a. What is the difference between true and opportunities organisms. Give examples. (2 marks) b. List FOUR factors influencing bacterial distribution in the GIT (2 marks) c. Name three multi-resistant organisms (1.5 marks) d. Name three anti-biotic gram-negative organisms (1.5 marks) Answer: a. • • True pathogen is a pathogen that causes disease and inflammation with normal defence mechanisms. For example, COVID-19 Opportunistic: only cause disease when they go some where they are a not meant for them. For example, Escherichia coli, which is usually found on the skin, if it gets into the blood stream, this is problematic • • • • pH motility immunity and defence mechanisms low redox reactions b. c. MRSA, VRE and C. difficile d. MRAB, ESBL and MBL 4. Answer the following questions about Panadol a. Describe how it is metabolised by the body (3 marks) b. Describe the stages of Panadol toxicity (3 marks) Answer: a. It acts to inhibit COX-1 and COX-2 irreversibly. This is only done centrally, but not peripherally. It undergoes sulfation and gluconation in the liver so that it can be conveted into urea and be exctered by the body. However, small amounts wont’ underge this path, and will instead be turned into inactive metabolised y the liver via the enzymes CYP450 and glutathione. b. Stage 1 - No or mild symptoms of diaphone, fever and vomit • Stage 2 - Appearance of symptoms of live failure and educed function such as headaches and pain • Stage 3 - Encephalopathy, fainting, deceased coagulation and bruising, and live necrosis 5. Distinguish between direct and direct hernia Answer: • • Direct - Passes through the weakened part of the abdominal muscles - Is usually acquired Indirect - Passes through the inguinal canal - More common in males 6. Distinguish between the female and male pelvis Answer: • Male - Wider and heart shaped - Pubic sympahsis angle is smaller - Flatter ala - More prominent muscle attachments - Rounder obturator foramen • Females - Boarder - Larger pubis sympathis angle - Oval obturator foramen 7. Name the structures that pass through the greater sciatic foramina and the ones Answer: • Greater – pins and pins - Pundeal nerve - Internal pundeal nerovauclature - Nerve to posterior cutenous thigh - Sciatic nerve • - Pirformis muscle - Inferior gluteal nerovaculature - Nerve to quradratus femoris - Superior gluteal neurovasculature Lesser PIN-T - Pundenal - Internal pundenal - Nerve to obturator internus - Tendon to obtutator internus