Neurotransmitters Study Materials - Edubirdie

University:
Western Sydney University
Course:
MEDI 2003 | Clinical Sciences 2
Academic year:

2024
Views:

459

Pages:

3
Author:

Mariam A.

Neurotransmitters   Chemicals that relay electrical signals between a presynaptic and a postsynaptic neuron. Properties include: o It is synthesised endogenously. o It is available in sufficient quantity in the presynaptic neuron to exert an effect on the postsynaptic neuron. o Externally administered, it must mimic the endogenously released substance. o A biochemical mechanism for inactivation must be present. Synaptic transmission   It used to be thought that a mature neuron released the same transmitter (or transmitters) at all of its synapses. More recent research shows that some neurons release more than one transmitter (co-transmission) and may change their transmission repertoire (e.g. during development or in response to injury). Acetylcholine (ACh)  Primary NT secreted by efferent CNS cells.  In the brain: o ACh release in the brain results in faciltatory effects. o Neurons are found in dorsolateral pons, medial septum and the basal forebrain.  In the periphery: o ACh release in the periphery has muscular consequences. o Neurons are found in neuromuscular junction (activates muscle movement) and autonomic ganglia (e.g. inhibitory at the heart).  Synthesis: o CoA arises from glucose metabolism. o Synthesis is dependent on choline.    Nicotinic receptors (ion channels) are found in skeletal muscle (ionotropic effect). o Agonists: ACh, nicotine. o Antagonists: curare. Muscarinic receptors (G-protein coupled receptors) are found in heart and smooth muscle (metabotropic effects). o Agonists: ACh, muscarine. o Antagonists: atropine. Termination of ACh effect is by ACh-esterase. o Breaks apart acetylcholine into its constituents. o Choline travels through a choline transporter (can be inactivated by hemicholinium). o ACh-esterase inhibitors are used to treat Alzheimer’s patients.

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