Fronto-temporal Dementia | Western Sydney University - Edubirdie

University:
Western Sydney University
Course:
MEDI 2003 | Clinical Sciences 2
Academic year:

2024
Views:

349

Pages:

2
Author:

Mariam A.

Fronto-temporal dementia (FTD) Epidemiology  Possibly only 3% of dementia cases overall.  Age of presentation: early – 50 – 60s. o Rare <40 and >75. o 20 – 50% of dementia cases <65.  Median survival of 4 – 8 years. Clinical features  If affecting more of frontal lobe – behavioural variant: o Personality change. o Lack of insight. o Loss of social awareness. o Stereotyped or ritual behaviours. o Change in eating patterns. o Emotional blunting. o Mental rigidity. o Attention deficits. o Memory may be preserved in early stages (may score high in MMSE).  If affecting more of temporal lobe – progressive non-fluent aphasia: o Non-fluent speech (stuttering and hesitancy). o Agrammatism. o Word-finding difficulties (anomia). o Paraphasias (unintended syllables, words or phrases). o Alexia (inability to read) and agraphia (inability to write). o Late: mutism and behavioural changes.  Semantic dementia. o Progressive speech disturbance with normal fluency; effortless speech that lacks meaning and information. o Loss of word meaning (anomia, semantic paraphasias, agnosia). o Behavioural symptoms often occur. Histology  Accumulation of tau and ubiquitin (not in all types) in neurons +/glial cells. Infection related  AIDS.  Prion disease. AIDS  Variety of direct and indirect CNS involvement (including secondary opportunistic infections and lymphomas).  In terms of pathogenesis of dementia – HIV related meningoencephalitis: o Thought to be due to cytokines released secondary to HIV infection (rather than direct HIV infection of neurons).

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