University:
Western Sydney University
Course:
MEDI 2003 | Clinical Sciences 2
Academic year:

2024
Views:

111

Pages:

4
Author:

Mariam A.

Memory      Process by which knowledge of the world is encoded, stored, and later retrieved. Memory is a phase of learning; learning has three stages: o Acquiring, wherein one masters a new activity or memorises verbal material. o Retaining the new acquisition for a period of time. o Remembering, which enables one to reproduce the learned act or memorised material. Sensory memory: o Very short lasting, milliseconds to seconds. o Many items can be held. Short term (working) memory: o Last seconds to minutes. o Can hold about 7 items. o Requires rehearsal (disrupted by distractor tasks). o Accounts for regency effect. o Affected by damage to the left angular gyrus. Long term memory: o Rehearsal facilitates storage into long-term memory (accounts for primary effect). o Consolidation of short-term memory into long-term memory. o Memories last up to a lifetime. o Unlimited number of items can be stored. o Many types of LTM mediated by different brain regions. Long term memory  Can be divided into many subtypes.  Non-declarative memory (implicit memory). o Mediated by the cortical areas. o Procedural memory (skills): affected by damage to the striatum and cerebellum. o Perceptual representation (perceptual priming): mediated by cortex. o Classical conditioning (reward): affected by damage to amygdala. o Nonassociative learning (habituation and sensitisation).  Declarative memory: o Mediated by the medial temporal lobe (hippocampus and associated cortices). o Episodic memory: ongoing record of experience; biographical. o Semantic memory: memory of facts. Anatomy of memory  Frontal lobe: planning and organisation of movements; working memory.  Temporal lobe: biographical memory and recognition.  Parietal lobe: sensory perception and representation of the world.  Occipital lobe: language.   The basal ganglia also has a role in memory and learning: o Infusion of dopamine receptor blocker decreases effects of reinforcing brain stimulation. Hippocampal circuit: o Entorhinal cortex  dentate gyrus  CA3  CA1.