Population Concepts and Models in Human Geography

AP Human Geography Population Question Answer A model used in population geography that describes the ages and number of males and Age Distribution females within a given population; also called a population pyramid. The largest number of people that the environment of a particular area can sustainably Carrying capacity support. A population group unified by a specific common characteristic, such as age and Cohort subsequently treated as a statistical unit. An equation that summarizes the amount of growth or decline in a population within a Demographic country during a particular time period taking into account both natural increase and net equation migration. Demographic The tendency for population growth to continue despite stringent family planning momentum programs because of a relatively high concentration of people in the childbearing years. Demographic regions study of population characteristics by region Demographic Demographic transition model a sequence of demographic changes in which a country Transition Model moves from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates through time. The ratio of the number of people who are either too old or young to provide for Dependency ratio themselves to the number of people who must support them through their own labor. This is usually expressed in the form n:100, where n equals the number of dependents. Diffusion of fertility spreading of fertility control from one place to another over time. control Disease diffusion spreading of disease from one place to another Time period required for a population experiencing exponential growth to double in size Doubling Time completely. Ecumene The portion of Earth's surface occupided by permanent human settlement. Epidemiological Distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition. Transition Model Gendered space genderd space is where genders are seperated into different places percentage of children who die before their first birthday within a particular area or Infant mortality rate The country. J-curve is used in several different fields to refer to a variety of unrelated J-shaped J-curve diagrams where a curve initially falls, but then rises to higher than the starting point an inherent tendency for an organism's adaptations to degenerate would translate into Maladaption maladaptations Author of Essay on the Principle of Population (1798) who claimed that population grows Malthus, Thomas at an exponential rate while food production increases arithmetically, and thereby that, eventually, population growth would outpace food production. Mortality number of deaths per year ususally per 1,000 Natality birth rate/ deaths per live births Advocacy of population control programs to ensure enough resources for current and Neo-Malthusian future populations. A value judgment based on the notion that the resources of a particular area are not great Overpopulation enough to support that area's current population. Population densities A measurement of the number of persons per unit land area. Population description of locations on the Earth's surface where populations lives. distributions rapid growth of the world's human population during the past century, attended by Population explosion the ever-shorter doubling times and accelerating rates of increase. statement of a population future size, age and sex composition based on the application Population projection a of stated assummptions to current data. model used in population geography to show the age and sex distribution of a particular Population pyramid A population. rate of natural The difference between the number of births and number of deaths within a particular increase country. S-Curve A type of curve which shows the growth of a variable in terms of another variable, often expressed as units of time. For example, an S-curve of the growth of company sales for a Sex ratio Standard of Living sustainability underpopulation Zero population growth Activity space Chain migration Cyclic movement Distance decay Forced migration Gravity model Internal migration Intervening opportunity migration Intercontinental migration Interregional migration Rural Urban migration new product would show a rapid, exponential increase in sales for a period ti The number of males per 100 females in the population. a level of material comfort in terms of goods and services available to someone or some group; "they enjoyed the highest standard of living in the country"; "the lower the standard of living the easier it is to introduce an autocratic production system to keep in existence to maintain lacking the normal population density Proposal to end population growth through a variety of official and nongovernmental family planning programs. The area within which people move freely on their rounds of regular activity. Migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there. movement -for example, nomadic migration that has a closed route and is repeated annually or seasonally. The declining intensity of any activity, process, or function with increasing distance from its point of origin. Permanent movement compelled usually by cultural factors. A matematical prediction of the interaction between two bodies as a function of their size and of the distance separating them. Based on Newton's law of universal gravitation, the model states that attraction is proportional to the product of the masses The permanent or semipermanent movement of individuals within a particular country. An environmental or cultural feature of the landscape that increases migration. Form of relocation diffusion involving permanent move to a new location. permanent movement from one continent/country to another. Permanent movement from one region of a country to another. describes interregional migration as an example from rural to urban life. migratory movement consists of changes in a society that results from the social and economic changes that also produce the demographic transition. example, college attendence or military service - that involves temporary, recurrent Periodic movement for relocation. An invisible, usually irregular area around a person into which he or she does not willingly Personal space admit others. The sense of personal space is a situational and cultural variable. In human movement and migration studies, a measure of an individual's perceived Place Utility satisfaction or approval of a place in its social, economic or environmental attributes. Factors that induce people to move to a new location. Factors that induce people to leave Push-pull factors old residences. People who are forced to migrate from their home country and cannot return for fear of Refugee persecution because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a social group, or political opinion. A diagram of the volume of space and the length of time within which our activities are Space- time prism confined by constraints of our bodily needs and the means of mobility at our command. A migration in which an eventual long-distance relocation is undertaken in stages as, for Step migration example, from farm to village to small town to city. The seasonal movement of people and their livestock over short distances for example to Transhumance high grounds during summer and lower grounds during winter. Transmigration to cause to go from one state of existence or place to another Movement of an individual who consciously and voluntarily decides to locate to a new Voluntary migration area-the opposite of forced migration. individuals that are critics of Malthus's theory and believe that human beings are, in fact, cornucopians our greatest resource and that attempts to curb our numbers miguidedly cheat us out of geniuses who could devise creative solutions to our resource shortages.