AP Human Geography Unit II: Population and Demography

APHG Unit II Vocab Term Agricultural Density Anti-Natalist Policies Arable Arithmetic Density Asylum Baby boom Baby bust Birth deficit Brain drain Carrying capacity Census Chain migration Cohort Counter Migration Crude Birth Rate Crude Death Rate Demographic Transition Demography Dependent population Dependency ratio Distance decay Doubling time Echo Ecumene Emigrants Epidemiologic transition Epidemiology Expansive population pyramid Forced migration Gravity Model of Migration Immigrants Definition The number of farmers on a section of arable land. Government policies that discourage couples from having children Farmable The number of total people on a section of land. Moving to another country in hopes of being recognized as a refugee A period of high birth rates, usually occurring after wars A period of lower birth rates, usually occurs after a baby boom. Term for when the crude death rate exceeds the crude birth rate The most talented and capable individuals leave a country The amount of people the land is capable of sustaining An official count of a country's population Process where immigrants follow their friends or family to another place A population group distinguished by a certain characteristic The return of migrants to their country of origin The number of live births in a year per 1,000 people. The number of deaths in a year per 1,000 people. A model that describes population change over time The study of populations and people Nonworking people age 0-14 and over 65 Ratio of nonworking population versus the working population When something moves further from the source, the connection weakens The amount of time it takes for a population to double A period of high birth rates that occurs when children from a baby boom reach childbearing age The land on earth in which people live People who leave a country Causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition The study of diseases A population pyramid with a wide base, signalling a high number of births in a country Involuntary migration, usually caused by wars, political persecution, or natural disasters A model that measures the interactions of cities or countries with regards to migration. Large cities attract high numbers of people. Small cities attract small numbers People who move into a country between 1760 and 1820 marked by rapid improvements in technology and the Industrial Revolution Period processing of goods Infant Mortality Rate Total numbers of deaths of children under 1 year of age in a population Internally Displaced Someone who is forced to leave their home, but stays within their country of residence Person Intervening obstacles Any force that limits human migration Life expectancy The average amount of years a person is expected to live Idea that the world's population will grow faster than the food supply, leading to famine Malthusian Theory and shortages of food Advances in medical technology that led to drop in crude death rate. Begun in Europe and Medical Revolution North America and later diffused to Africa, South America, and Asia Area from 30-60 degrees north and south of the Equator, known for mild climates and Midlatitudes good soil Migration A permanent move to a new location Natural Increase Rate Percentage by which the population grows in a year People concerned that the planet will run out of materials (fossil fuels, etc.). They no longer Neo-Malthusians believe the earth will run out of food. Overpopulation A situation in which there are too many people and not enough resources in a given area Pandemic Outbreak of a disease that spreads worldwide Physiological Density Number of people per unit of arable land Population Where people are located in a given area Distribution Population Density How crowded a given area is Population Pyramid Method for measuring the age and sex of a given population Potential Workforce People from 15-64 in a country's population, expected to be society's labor force Pro-Natalist Policies Laws in a country that encourage people to have more children Pull Factors Things that make people want to move into a country Push Factors Things that make people want to move out of a country A theory of migration that says migrants usually move short distances, migration goes step Ravenstein's Laws of by step, migrants who move far will move to cities, and each migration current produces a Migration counter-current Refugees People forced to move from their country of residence to another country Remittances Money migrants send back to their country of origin Return Migration Migrants voluntarily move back to their country of origin Sex ratio The number of men versus women in a given area Stationary Population A population pyramid with a narrow base, signalling lower birth rates and a low natural Pyramid increase rate Step Migration Migration that follows a series of stages Total Fertility Rate The number of children a women is expected to have in her lifetime Voluntary Migration Someone moves to another place because they choose to Xenophobia Fear or dislike of foreigners Zero Population Term for when the population of a country stops growing and the natural increase rate is Growth 0%