University:
York University
Course:
BIOL 2020 | Biochemistry
Academic year:

2023
Views:

425

Pages:

2
Author:

Nick T.

Monosaccharides HOH-C-OHHO-C-HH-C-OHH-C-OHCH₂OH HOH-C-OHHO-C-HH-C-OHH-C-OHCH₂OH HOH-C-OHHO-C-HH-C-OHCH₂OH HOH-C-OHHO-C-HH-C-OHH-C-OHCH₂OH D-glucose most important monosaccharide Used as an energy source Major component of corn syrup Medical name: dextrose Regulates hormones: insulin, glucagon Concentration in blood D-galactose Epimer of glucose at C-4 Component of milk sugar (lactose) Component of glycoproteins & glycolipids in membranes D-fructose Sweet Sweetener in foods & drinks Also called fruit sugar or levulose Forms 5-membered ring DNA & RNA D-ribose Two important sugars Part of RNA Coenzyme A, ATP, cAMP D-deoxyribose The only important ketohexose Major chemical marker in ABO blood type It forms 5-membered ring Deoxyribose is part of DNA Monosaccharides Oxidation Primary alcohol aldehyde Corberylic acid The aldehyde Sugar acid (aldanic acid) aldose Can be axidized to in an If reduced Sugar is oxidized, something else must be Sugars (monosaccharides) that can be oxidized are reducing agents redcing sugars All monasaccharides are reducing Sugars Phosphate Ester Formation phosphate is Commonly Phosphate reacts alcohel group to form a phosphaester Glycoside Formation • Hemieretals con react acetals water w alcohols to yield an Can alcohol group on a monosacchiraine Combine with another OH group to form ether linkage -the ether is called a gletaside band the new Cyclic acetel is called glycoside The hemiacetal (anameric) carbon can react with an -OH group an "Forms anather monosaccharide disaccharide Disaccharide a monosaccharide form (Cyclic) to form reacts with glycoside in the another hemiacetal monosaccharide