Solutions Manual Test Bank For Abnormal Psychology Ch5

89. Which of the following is a type of community-based treatment facility that offers people with long-term mental health problems the opportunity to live in structured, supportive environments while they are trying to reestablish a job and ties to family and friends? Community mental health centers  Halfway houses Day treatment centers Nursing homes 90. Between 1955 and 2016 the number of patients in psychiatric hospitals decreased slightly.  decreased significantly. increased slightly. increased significantly. 91. As a result of deinstitutionalization, which of the following has become a significant provider of mental health services in parts of the United States? Homeless shelters Community food banks  Prisons Private homes 92. ________ allow people to obtain treatment during the day, as well as occupational and rehabilitative therapies, but to live at home at night. Halfway houses Community mental-health centers Assisted living facilities  Day treatment centers 93. The goal of managed care is to: institutionalize mentally ill patients for organized treatment and monitoring. provide employment opportunities for inmates in order to make them self-sufficient.  coordinate services for an existing medical problem and to prevent future medical problems. channel monetary funds toward the treatment of economically weak patients. 94. Under a managed care system, primary care physicians:  can coordinate services offered by other providers such as drug treatment. have the right to refuse service to specific patients regardless of their insurance status. leave it to the families of people with psychological problems to find appropriate care. do not have the option of referring their patients to outside consultants. 95. Which program covers approximately one-quarter of all mental health spending in the United States? Medicare  Medicaid Veterans Administration Social Security 96. Which of the following statements is true of the state of mental health care in the United States? Many states have increased benefits for mental health care.  Many states have increased co-payments and controlled drug costs. Many states have offered up-front payments to providers. Many states have increased the eligibility for mental health care. 97. Which of the following is not true of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) of 2010? Insurance plans must cover mental health treatment. Insurance plans must cover substance abuse treatment.  The U.S. government has allocated funds to treat have insurance. all mentally ill people whether or not they The ACA recognizes the increasing role of primary care providers in psychiatric treatment. 98. The Affordable Care Act ________ mental health care access in the United States. limits cancels expands modestly  expands significantly 99. Dr. Mosley has a PhD in psychology and sees patients on a regular basis, but does not prescribe medication. He specializes in psychotherapy for adolescents and young children. Dr. Mosley is most likely a  clinical psychologist. psychiatrist. clinical social worker. psychiatric nurse. 100. ________ specialize in helping, couples, parents, and children overcome problems that are interfering with their well-being.  Marriage and family therapists Psychiatrists Clinical psychologists Psychiatric nurses 101. A Individuals dealing with psychological problems related to being unemployed would mostly likely seek assistance to find a job from a clinical psychologist. psychiatrist.  clinical social worker. psychiatric nurse. 102. Some states have ________, individuals who have graduate training in counseling beyond a bachelor's degree in counseling, but have not obtained a PhD. clinical social workers psychiatric nurses marriage and family therapists  licensed mental health counselors 103. ________ have a degree in nursing and often work on inpatient psychiatric wards in hospitals, delivering medical care and certain forms of psychotherapy. Clinical psychologists  Psychiatric nurses Psychiatrists Licensed mental health counselors 104. Which of the following is true of the various professions within abnormal psychology? Psychiatrists have limited prescription-writing privileges, whereas clinical psychologists have full privileges. Clinical psychologists typically have an MD degree, while psychiatrists typically have a PhD in psychology. Psychiatric nurses must have a master's degree in counseling to work with clients who have psychological problems.  Psychiatric nurses have privileges to write prescriptions for psychotherapeutic drugs in some states. 105. Discuss the continuum model of abnormality and the different criteria used for labeling behavior as normal or abnormal.  Key terms and concepts that may be included in student responses: Cultural relativism—no universal standards or rules exist for labeling behaviors as normal; instead, behaviors are classified as normal/abnormal relative to cultural norms and gender role expectations; dangers in defining abnormality based on cultural norms include prejudicial, discriminatory, oppressive, biased, and intolerant attitudes, beliefs, behaviors, policies, laws, etc. Continuum model of abnormality—no clear line exists between normal and abnormal; behaviors are classified as normal or abnormal based on the degree to which they are typical, distressful, interfering, and dangerous Unusualness—behaviors that are deviant or unusual; problems with the unusualness criterion: the unusualness of any behavior depends in part on cultural norms (similar to cultural relativism), there is no method of determining how unusual a behavior must be in order for it to be labeled abnormal, many rare behaviors are positive for the individual and for society—most people would object to labeling such behaviors abnormal Distress—the individual suffers distress and wishes to be rid of the behaviors; objections to the distress criterion: people are not always aware of how stressful their behaviors are for themselves or others, some behaviors cause great distress in others (but are not stressful to the person displaying the behaviors) Mental illness—abnormality results from a disease process; problems with this criterion include a lack of biological tests to diagnose mental illness disease processes, diagnostic labels do not refer to identifiable physical processes that are evident in all people who exhibit these symptoms (i.e., diagnostic labels only refer to a set of symptoms) The four Ds of abnormality—dysfunction, distress, deviance, and dangerousness 106. Discuss the difficulty in determining abnormality.  Key terms and concepts that may be included in student responses: Examining behaviors, thoughts, and feelings Assessing in terms of being unusual, distressing, functionally impairing, or dangerous 107. Describe the ancient Chinese theories of abnormal behavior.  Key terms and concepts that may be included in student responses: Concepts of yin and yang (e.g., "excited insanity") Emotions believed to be controlled by internal organs—"vital air" Taoism and Buddhism—religious interpretations of abnormal behavior (evil winds and ghosts blamed for bewitching people and inciting erratic emotional displays and uncontrolled behavior) 108. Describe the ancient Egyptian, Greek, and Roman theories of abnormal behavior.  Key terms and concepts that may be included in student responses: Concept of "wandering uterus"—the uterus dislodged and wandered throughout a woman's body, interfering with her other organs, causing hysteria Greeks and Romans saw madness as an affliction from the gods, but Greek physicians rejected supernatural explanations Hippocrates—phobias, imbalance of four basic bodily humors—blood, phlegm, yellow bile, black bile, classification of abnormal behavior into epilepsy, mania, melancholia, and brain fever Plato—some forms of madness were divine, madness related to impulse, passion, or appetite Treatments—bleeding patients, rest, relaxation, change of climate, change of diet 109. Compare and contrast the treatment of people with mental health problems in ancient Greece with the moral treatment movement of the eighteenth century.  Key terms and concepts that may be included in student responses: Ancient Greece—state claimed no responsibility but could take rights away from people declared mad; no asylums or institutions; people considered mad were confined, could not marry or acquire property; poor people left to roam the streets; those who were considered mad and were violent were locked up Moral treatment—a humane, individual approach to treating patients, patients were treated with kindness and dignity, encouraged social activity; growth of mental institutions and public hospitals 110. What were the common psychological explanations offered for persons accused of witchcraft in the Middle Ages?  Key terms and concepts that may be included in student responses: The Church's position on witchcraft Johann Weyer Reginald Scott Teresa of Avila Cultural implications of the existence of witches 111. State how and why the concept of moral treatment evolved and the problems associated with its failures, and discuss the individuals who were instrumental in its development.  Key terms and concepts that maybe included in student responses: Deplorable conditions in asylums in Europe and America The Act for Regulating Madhouses New psychological view—restoration of dignity, rest, relaxation Efforts of Pinel, Tuke, and Dix Training of mental health professionals Increase in mental institutions and public hospitals Problems associated with rapid growth—influx of immigrants, decline in humane conditions, lack of public support, and decrease in funding 112. Discuss the efforts Philippe Pinel and Dorothea Dix made to change the treatment of mentally ill patients.  Key terms and concepts that may be included in student responses: Pinel—moral treatment, removed chains from patients, provided atmosphere conducive for restoring health and regaining tranquility, encouraged social activity for patients Dix—lobbying led to passage of laws, training mental health professionals, established mental health facilities 113. Describe the growth of psychoanalytic theory. Who were some of the key contributors to this school of thought?  Key terms and concepts that may be included in student responses: Mesmer—magnetic fluids, mesmerism, hypnosis Bernheim and Liebault—hysteria and hypnosis Jean Charcot—hysteria, psychological causes of abnormality Freud and Josef Breuer—the unconscious, catharsis 114. Identify the forces that influence behavior and emotion from the perspective of the Cognitive Revolution.  Key terms and concepts that may be included in student responses: Attention Interpretation of events Beliefs 115. Discuss the deinstitutionalization movement and its impact on mental health care in the United States.  Key terms and concepts that may be included in student responses: Drug therapy Patient's rights movements Community mental-health movement Community mental-health centers, halfway houses, day treatment centers Impact—decline in the number of patients in state psychiatric hospitals, better quality of life for patients, freedom Problems—lack of resources, closure of hospitals, transfer of patients to ill-equipped nursing homes, increase of homeless persons with mental illnesses 116. Explain why up to two-thirds of incarcerated inmates have a diagnosable mental illness.  Key terms and concepts that may be included in student responses: Deinstitutionalization saw a significant outflow of mentally ill people from psychiatric hospitals to community mental health centers (including half-ways houses and day treatment centers. Inadequate resources to fund community health centers and related support opportunities has often been inadequate to meet the needs of the many people who need services Many mentally ill people end up homeless. Homeless people often behave in ways that lead to their imprisonment. 117. Describe the different professions within abnormal psychology.  Psychiatrist—has an MD degree, specialized training in the treatment of psychological problems, prescribes medication Clinical psychologist—generally earns a PhD, in psychology, specializes in psychological problems, limited prescription privileges in some states Clinical social worker—has a master's degree in social work, helps people overcome social conditions contributing to their psychological problems Psychiatric nurse—graduate-level nursing degree, works on inpatient psychiatric wards in hospitals Marriage and family counselor—specializes in family problems, child adjustment Licensed mental health counselor—has graduate training in counseling, but has not obtained a PhD