University:
York University
Course:
SC/BIOL 2021 | Cell Biology
Academic year:

2023
Views:

379

Pages:

2
Author:

Nick T.

Why are acid-base reactions important in Biology? •Transfer of protons, Changes Charges of proton donor + acceptors Charge of Charge Changes their reactivity with respect to H-bonding + other interactions Example: •Concentration of Hit in blood typically very low arterial blood, [H+] = 0.0000000 398 M ~4×10-81 if CH+] doubles 0.0000000796M~8×10-8M PH=7.1 you die in a few minutes Slight Changes in pt can have VERY dramatic biological effects Carbon as the Building Block of Biology •Carbon is most important atom in biology. • Carbon-Containing molecules 'Organic' •Carbon can form many combinations of single and double bonds • Can be linked to form Chains, rings Variations in Carbon Skeletons (pure hydrocarbons) CARBON SKELETONS Carbon has a unique role in the cell because of its ability to form strong covalent bonds with other carbon atoms. Thus carbon atoms can join to form chaini or branched trees or rings. also written as M also written as aho written as H H Carbon atoms give biomolecules their shapes but other atoms attached to Carbons tend to determine their reactivity •Critical H,N,O, S, P Containing attachments called functional groups ALTERNATING DOUBLE BONDS A carbon chain can include double bonds. If these are on alternate carbon atoms, the bonding electrons move within the molecule, stabilizing the structure by a phenomenon called resonance. Alternating double bonds in a ring can generate a very stable structure. H H H H H H H H H the truth is somewhere between these two structures benzene often written as H the Polar vs. Nonpolar the more partial Charges LOOK @ # of R Groups →the longer the Chain the mare