University:
York University
Course:
SC/BIOL 2021 | Cell Biology
Academic year:

2023
Views:

194

Pages:

4
Author:

Nick T.

Two Classes of Ceus Karyon Nucleus, Probefore, eu: True/"normal" 1. Prokaryote (prokaryon before nucleus) Most diverse Group No nucleus Genome is single Circular Strands of 'Naked' DNA No membrane bound organelles MOST will have a Cell wall Very Small, No need for Cytoskeletal transport Sistems 2 Domains Eubacteria mycoplasma Cyanobacteria most Complex, many are capable of both Carbon and nitrogen fixation. Generic Prokaryotic Cell bosomes plasmids rytoplasm Ragekam plasma Archaebacteria All have Cell walls Best Knownare the extremophiles -Halophiles (Great Salt Lake, Dead Sea) - Acidophiles Thermophiles Types/Shapes of Prokaryotic Cells cherical s rad-shaped th eg. Treponema palidam 2. Eukaryotes (eukaryon - True nucleus) ↳ All eukaryotes have a nucleus ↳ Divided into 4 domains Protists mostly single cells but there are some colonies ↳ Includes algae, water molds, Slime, molds, protoza Fuagi Single Cells Cyeasts) Multicellular (mushrooms) Cell walls, heterotrophs dependent an extemal sources for Organic Compounds Plants I malticellular All have cell walls, Chloroplasts and vacuoles Autotrophs Animals multicellular No Cell walls, Chloroplasts, and Vacuoles Heterotrophs Autotrophs self-feeding Can make C-Carbons itself ex. photosynthesis Heterotrophs Nutritive Cannot make their organic Compound they have to Obtain it elsewhere Organelles lysosome mitochondrion peroxisome cytosol nuclear envelope Golgi apparatus vesicle endoplasmic reticulum plasma membrane Cytoplasm: It is everything between the plasma and nuclear membrare which Includes as membrare bound organelles except the nucleus Tytok Def: Contents of a cell that are Contained within its plasma membrane but, in the case of eukaryotic Cells, outside the nucleas Cytosol The only fluid Component 7x+bk Def. Contents of the main compartment of the cytoplasm, excluding the membrane - enclosed Organelles such as endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. The Cell fraction remaining after membranes, Cytoskeletal Components, and organelles have been removed Endomembrane System * Internal membranes that are either in direct Contact or Connected Via transfer of Vesicles (Saes of membranes) Including; -Nuclear Envelope/membrane, Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi Apparatus, Lysosomes, and Vacuoles Tytok Def: Interconnected network of membrane -enclosed Organelles in a eukaryotic cell. Includes the ER, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes and endosomes. Structures within Eukaryotic Cells membrane bound Compartments: Nucleus Stores Chromosomes Txtbk: Refers to the prominant, rounded Structure that contains DNA in a eukaryotic cell Endomembrane System: Endoplasmic reticulum: Labyrinthe membrane enclosed Compartment (ER: Rough, Smooth) in the Cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells Golgi Apparatus: Stacks of flattened, membrane enclosed Lysosomes Organelles with their own genomes Mitochondria: Generates energy to power the cell Chloroplasts: using energy from sunlight, Convert CO₂-derived Carbon to carbohydrate. Cytoskeleton: Regulates Cell Shape