Classification Reactions The classification reaction aims to check the presence of functional groups and differentiate the groups of compounds analyzed. A. Test for –OH 1. Alcohol group a. Diazo color reaction b. Cherry ammonium nitrate reaction c. Deninges reaction d. Landwher reaction e. Ester formation f. Distinguish primary, secondary, tertiary alcohol 1) Lucas test 2) Oxidation a) With incandescent copper rod b) Aqua bromine c) Nessler reaction g. Polyvalent alcohol reaction, with the Cuprifil Reaction. 2. Phenol group a. Diazo color reaction b. FeCl3 c. POUGNET color reaction d.Reactions for monovalent phenols include: Landolt reaction, Spiro reaction, and Indofenol reaction e. Reactions for polyvalent phenols include: Aqua bromine, Fehling and Agamoniacal. C. Test for amine groups 1. General reactions, including: odor, alkaline properties, NH gas comes out with NaOH3 2. Primary amines are analyzed by: Isonitrile Reaction, ReactionMustard-oil , Indophenol reaction, diazo reaction, p-DAB HCl reaction, Hinsberg reaction. D. Carboxylic group test Change in color of indicator, Formation of esters, Precipitation of S from thiosulfate, Special reactions E. Test for amide groups Biuret reaction. F. Alkaloid Compounds Examination of alkaloid compounds is carried out by testing a solution of the substance in dilute hydrochloric acid with Mayer's reagent (HgCl Solution2reacted with excess KI) and Bouchardat's reagent (iodine solution). The test substance solution will form a yellow precipitate with Mayer's reagent, and a brown precipitate will be obtained with Bouchardat's reagent. G. Sulfonamide Compounds Examination of sulfonamide compounds is carried out by testing a solution of the substance in hydrochloric acid with a matchstick. The presence of compounds The sulfonamides in hydrochloric acid will turn matchsticks orange H. Color reaction A sample plus certain reagents will produce a color. Usually done in a drop plate or test tube. Observe the color that forms, there are several reactions that require time for color to form. I. Crystal reactions Determining the type of substance/confirmatory test is a test to confirm the compound being identified/examined. Determining the type of substance is carried out conventionally using certain reagents and observing the crystal form of the substance being examined using a microscope. This confirmation test is carried out to differentiate between one compound and another compound in the same group. Crystal reactions can be carried out by sublimation, acetonair, Fe-complex, Bi-complex, Cu-complex, dilute acid, picric acid, HgCl2,Dragendorf, Maeyer, Bouchardat, and others.