About Cells, an Explanation

BIOLOGY ABOUT CELLS, AN EXPLANATION Cells, which are known as the smallest unit of organization in living creatures, are an important part in the development of biological learning, especially in relation to organisms. As the smallest unit, the cell represents a living system with the presence of DNA and organelles in it so that it is able to carry out the program of life itself. Because cells are capable of carrying out living systems, cells have autonomous properties and are able to develop when cultured with appropriate media to support their life. From multicellular organisms, if several cells are taken and placed in a liquid medium that is not connected to each other, these cells will not be able to develop by mitosis. However, if these cells are placed in a narrow and limited place (petridish) filled with material for life, then these cells will be able to reproduce by mitosis. This shows that cells that are cultured and reproduce by mitosis require coordination and are interconnected so that they represent the concept of social interaction between each other. In this way, cells can be arranged in groups and differentiate into many types of tissue that will coordinate to form organs. Certain organs will form organ systems and finally several organ systems together form multicellular organisms. Apart from coordinating to support living systems in multicellular organisms, we also know unicellular cells which are individually capable of showing the characteristics of life, including developing by dividing, for example various types of protozoa. In contrast to the cells that make up multicellular organisms which require interaction and communication to carry out their life functions, unicellular cells are solitary organisms that can reproduce independently. With these characteristics, it is often found that pioneer organisms are prokaryotic unicellular cells. In general, cells are divided into two important types based on structure, namely: prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells are cells with a simple structure that includes a plasma membrane, do not have a cell nucleus, and only have relatively simple cell organelles. Prokaryotes are very diverse with varying degrees of adaptation. Many prokaryotic cells can be found at a depth of 7 miles in the ocean and 40 miles above the atmosphere. Eukaryotic cells differ from prokaryotic cells, especially in having a nucleus which is surrounded by a nuclear membrane and cell organelles. The entire area between the nucleus and the cell membrane is called the cytoplasm, which consists of a semi-liquid medium called cytosol. Cell organelles are located in the cytosol which have special shapes and functions to support cell metabolism. The activity of multicellular organisms turns out to be a reflection of the properties of the cells that make them up. Organisms take in food, digest, assimilate, and release unnecessary materials, taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide. In the organism's body, salt levels are regulated in such a way as to remain in a state of homeostasis; grow, reproduce, move and react to external stimuli, use energy to carry out activities, pass on genetic traits to their offspring, and finally die. An organism is the sum or collection of its parts, and its activity is the sum of the activities of the cells that make it up. However, it can also be said that organisms are much more complex than just a collection of cells.