Abnormal Psychology

ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 1. The chief motivating factor in both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa is a. a desire to purge. b. an overwhelming drive to eat. c. an overwhelming urge to be thin. d. a desire to starve oneself. 2. The strongest contributions to etiology of eating disorders seem to be _________. a. genetic b. psychological c. somatogenic d. sociocultural 3. After engaging in an extended session of binge eating, Thomas goes to the bathroom and makes himself vomit. He thinks that he has removed all of the food he consumed from his stomach, but in fact he will only have removed around _____ percent of the calories he consumed. a. one-third b. one-quarter c. one-half d. two-thirds 4. People with bulimia nervosa often present with additional psychological disorders, particularly ________ and ________. a. body dysmorphic disorder; substance disorders b. mood disorders; sexual disorders c. anxiety disorders; mood disorders d. obsessive compulsive disorder; sexual disorders 5. Recent research (Eddy, et al., 2002) suggests that the restricting and bingeing/purging subtypes of anorexia nervosa a. are really different disorders. b. have completely different causes. c. show few differences in severity of symptoms. d. are useless distinctions of the same disorder. 6. Which of the following diagnoses would require the noticeable loss of weight? a. Anorexia nervosa b. Bulimia nervosa c. Binge-eating disorder d. Body dysmorphic disorder 7. The males most likely to develop an eating disorder such as bulimia nervosa are those who are _________. a. overweight b. depressed c. homosexual d. only children 8. Studies have found that adolescent girls of which race/ethnicity had less body dissatisfaction, fewer weight concerns, and a more positive body image when compared to Caucasian adolescent girls? a. African Americans b. Hispanics c. Native Americans d. Asians 9. Studies suggest that young males would often prefer to be ____________ than they are. a. thinner b. heavier c. taller d. shorter 10. When men are asked to identify the ideal male body, they typically select a body weight that is about a. equal to their own. b. 28 pounds more muscular than their own. c. equal to the average male of their age. d. 15 pounds lighter than their own. 11. The most important and immediate goal in the treatment of a patient with anorexia nervosa is ________________. a. family acceptance of the problem b. weight gain c. balanced diet d. resolution of family issues 12. Bariatric surgery is a. effective at any weight. b. more successful than dieting for the treatment of the very obese. c. less successful than diet for the very obese. d. always successful. 13. Sleep research suggests that a. REM sleep is related to depression. b. sleep abnormalities follow clinical depression. c. sleep problems don’t predict who is at risk for later mood disorders. d. sleep deprivation has permanent antidepressant effects on some people. 14. Individuals who feel tired and cranky all day despite falling asleep at a normal hour and awakening at their usual time are most likely suffering from a(n) _____________. a. parasomnia b. dyssomnia c. type of REM sleep deprivation d. anxiety problem 15. The most comprehensive evaluation of sleep is performed by a(n) ______________ evaluation. a. polysomnographic b. actigraphic c. electromyographic d. electroencephalographic 16. While a patient sleep, a polysomnographic evaluation collects data on all of the following characteristics EXCEPT _________. a. respiration b. muscle movements c. brain waves d. metabolic rate 17. As we grow older, it seems that the amount of sleep that we require __________. a. decreases b. increases c. stays the same d. decreases until early adulthood and then begins to increase again 18. Sam sleeps for 8 or more hours every night but never feels rested. He can't understand why he is always tired despite the fact that he reports no difficulties with the quality or quantity of his sleep. Of the following, Sam's most likely diagnosis is ____________. a. hypersomnolence disorder b. sleep apnea c. narcolepsy d. non-specific parasomnia 19. In which of the following situations is Bill, who has narcolepsy, most likely to experience cataplexy? a. Immediately upon waking up after a long, restful sleep b. At any random moment c. Under hypnosis d. While jumping up and cheering for his favorite team 20. Which of the following conditions is thought to be a potential explanation for UFO experiences? a. Sleep paralysis b. Cataplexy c. Hypnagogic hallucinations d. Sleep apnea 21. According to the text, some of the major contributing factors to illness and death in the United States are currently a. viral and bacterial. b. behavioral and psychological. c. neurological and endocrinological. d. pharmacological and hormonal. 22. Knowledge derived from the behavioral sciences applied to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of medical problems is called a. health psychology. b. behavioral medicine. c. psychophysiological disorders. d. psychosomatic medicine. 23. Health psychology, a subfield of behavioral medicine, focuses on all of the following EXCEPT a. promotion and maintenance of health. b. health policy formation. c. improvements in healthcare systems. d. psychosomatic effects on health. 24. According to the principles of health psychology, which of the following is the best protection against acquiring AIDS? a. Getting an injection of the AIDS vaccine b. Being treated for HIV before it develops into AIDS c. Changing risky behaviors that can lead to disease acquisition d. Deciding to be sexually abstinent after years of being sexually active 25. Research has shown that increased levels of cortisol in response to stress may cause damage to parts of the _________________. a. skeletal system b. brain c. lungs d. stomach 26. Research has shown that excessive secretion of the stress hormone cortisol can result in cell death in the hippocampal region of the brain in cases of ____________________. a. substance abuse b. mania c. posttraumatic stress disorder d. AIDS 27. Whether or not stress and/or anxiety develop in a stressful situation appears to be related to one's perceived sense of ________________. a. happiness b. excitement c. control d. acceptance 28. B cells are associated with ________ immunity, while T cells are associated with ______ immunity: a. humoral; memory b. humoral; cellular c. cellular; humoral d. vascular; suppressor 29. Too many T4 (helper) cells can result in a. an autoimmune disease. b. diminished antibody responses. c. long-term immune activity. d. diminished immune functions. 30. Group psychotherapy for cancer patients tends to a. reduce recovery times. b. increase survival times. c. affect mental but not physical health. d. cure cancer. 31. Unhealthy and/or risky behaviors that impact directly on the cardiovascular system may contribute to a. strokes and high blood pressure only. b. coronary heart disease only. c. strokes, high blood pressure, and coronary heart disease. d. reduced immunity to autoimmune diseases. 32. Essential hypertension refers to a. the need to hold blood pressure levels constant. b. hypertension caused by a disease. c. hypertension caused by pregnancy. d. hypertension with no verifiable physical cause. 33. Gregor has just learned that his spouse of 28 years has died in an automobile accident. Upon hearing the news, Gregor collapsed and was rushed to the hospital in apparent heart failure. Gregor probably suffered a. myocardial infarction. b. tranischemic attack. c. angina pectoris. d. myocardial stunning. 34. People who experience phantom limb pain a. have lost an arm or a leg. b. can describe in exquisite detail the exact location and type of pain. c. experience changes in the sensory cortex of the brain. d. all of the above