Which of the Following Does Not Correctly Describe Kidney Function

Test 4 Practice Multiple Choice Questions MULTIPLE CHOICE - Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which of the following does NOT correctly describe kidney function? A) They contribute significantly to long-term regulation of arterial blood pressure by maintaining the proper plasma volume. B) They produce urine of a constant composition at all times, in order to maintain homeostasis of extracellular fluid. C) They excrete metabolic waste products. D) They assist in maintaining proper acid-base balance in the body. E) They secrete hormones. 2. An individual has been experiencing a fever and a feeling of urgency to urinate every few minutes, even though they have a very low urine volume. A doctor says that they have a bacterial infection of her bladder. An ultrasound of the ureters indicates that there is no infection in the ureters. Where did the infection begin? A) Her urethra B) Her nephrons C) Her renal arteries D) Her renal pelvis 3. Which correctly describes a basic renal process? A) Fluid is filtered from Bowman's capsule into the glomerulus. B) Substances are secreted from the tubule into the peritubular capillaries. C) Substances are reabsorbed from the peritubular capillaries into the tubular Lumen. D) Substances are actively secreted from glomerular capillaries into Bowman's Capsule. E) Fluid moves by bulk flow from glomerular capillaries into Bowman's space. 4. The amount of a substance that is excreted in the urine is equal to the amount that is_________ plus the amount that is_________ minus the amount that is_________. A) filtered; reabsorbed; secreted B) reabsorbed; filtered; secreted C) secreted; reabsorbed; filtered D) filtered; secreted; reabsorbed E) reabsorbed; secreted; filtered 5. Which of the following is least likely to be filtered into Bowman's capsule in a normal, healthy person? A) Glucose B) Plasma protein C) Sodium D) Urea E) Bicarbonate ion 6. All of the following substances are present in proximal tubular fluid in the kidney, but which one is NOT normally present in urine? A) Ca2+ B) H+ C) K+ D) HPO42E) Glucose 7. Which one of the following substances is LEAST dependent on the kidney for regulation of its plasma concentration? A) Water B) Na+ C) K+ D) HPO42E) Glucose 8. You have a patient with extensive birth defects that affect the kidney anatomy. Nevertheless, she does have some kidney function. One thing you’ve noticed in the labs is extremely low renin secretion. Which of the following anatomical locations is likely to exhibit abnormal development? A) The descending limb of the loop of Henle B) The glomerular capillaries C) The juxtaglomerular apparatus D) The proximal tubule E) The efferent arteriole 9. Which correctly describes the composition of the glomerular filtrate? A) It is identical to urine, but has a much smaller flow rate. B) It is identical to urine, but has a much larger flow rate. C) It is identical to blood plasma, except it lacks red blood cells. D) It is similar to plasma, except it does not contain glucose. E) It is similar to plasma, except it does not contain plasma proteins. 10. Which of the following statements concerning the process of glomerular filtration is correct? A) The hydrostatic pressure in Bowman's space opposes filtration. B) The glomerular filtration rate is limited by a transport maximum. C) All of the plasma that enters the glomerular capillaries is filtered. D) The osmotic force due to plasma proteins favors filtration. E) The hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillaries opposes filtration. 11. Which equation is equal to the net glomerular filtration pressure? A) GFP = hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillaries - hydrostatic pressure in Bowman's capsule - osmotic pressure due to protein in Bowman's capsule B) GFP = osmotic pressure due to protein in plasma - hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillaries - hydrostatic pressure in Bowman's capsule C) GFP = hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillaries + hydrostatic pressure in Bowman's capsule + osmotic pressure due to protein in plasma D) GFP = hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillaries + hydrostatic pressure in Bowman's capsule - osmotic pressure due to protein in plasma E) GFP = hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillaries - hydrostatic pressure in Bowman's capsule - osmotic force due to proteins in plasma 12. Constriction of the_________ decreases hydrostatic pressure in_________. A) afferent arterioles; glomerular capillaries B) efferent arterioles; proximal convoluted tubules C) renal vein; peritubular capillaries D) efferent arterioles; glomerular capillaries E) efferent arterioles; Bowman's capsule 13. Which is TRUE regarding renal tubular reabsorption? A) Reabsorption of Na+ from the proximal tubule occurs as a result of water Reabsorption. B) Reabsorption of glucose saturates at a maximum transport rate. C) Urea reabsorption cannot occur at any point along the nephron. D) Toxic substances are removed from the body by reabsorption from peritubular capillaries into the proximal tubule. E) Reabsorption of Na+ only occurs from nephron regions that come after the descending limb of the loop of Henle. 14. Which of the following describes tubular reabsorption in the kidney? A) The movement of substances from the peritubular capillaries into the tubular fluid B) The movement of substances from the proximal tubule into the loop of Henle C) Transepithelial transport from the lumen of the tubule into renal interstitial fluid D) Movement of Na+, Cl-, and water from glomerular capillaries into Bowman's Capsule E) Transport of solutes from renal medullary interstitial fluid into collecting duct 15. Which of the following substances undergoes renal tubular secretion? A) Ca2+ B) Na+ C) K+ D) H20 16. Which of the following is TRUE about how water is handled by the nephron? A) Water is filtered out of glomerular capillaries by bulk flow. B) Water is actively reabsorbed from the proximal tubule, and Na+ follows down its diffusion gradient. C) Water is actively secreted into the descending loop of Henle. D) The permeability of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle is modified by Vasopressin. E) Vasopressin inserts pumps in the collecting duct membrane that move water against its concentration gradient. 17. You are a scientist for the Federal Drug Administration (FDA). An agricultural company wants to market a new pesticide they have developed for use on products in the United States. This pesticide is hydrophilic, has a small molecular weight (it is slightly smaller than glucose), and it does not bind to any proteins. Which of the following is an appropriate hypothesis for how this drug will be found in the body? A) The pesticide will mostly be cleared in the feces as it will bind to cholesterol, which is added to the GI tract. B) The pesticide will remain in the blood for a long period as it is not filtered or secreted by the urinary tract. C) The pesticide will mostly be cleared in the urine as it will be filtered but not Reabsorbed. D) The pesticide will be cleared through the skin as it will diffuse through the skin layers and evaporate from the surface. 18. In what segment of the nephron is the greatest fraction of filtered water reabsorbed? A) The proximal tubule B) The ascending limb of the loop of Henle C) The distal convoluted tubule D) The collecting ducts E) The descending limb of the loop of Henle 19. In which region of the nephron does the reabsorption of water vary the most in response to variation in the state of hydration? A) The glomerulus B) The proximal convoluted tubule C) The loop of Henle D) The distal convoluted tubule E) The collecting duct